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Enclaves of freedom. On „second circulation” publishing in the PRL

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Tatarowski K. W.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

2017

vol. 43

issue 5

199-209

„Second circulation publishing”, the broadly defined publishing and cultural movement, independent of the authorities of the PRL and not subject to state censorship, was initiated in the autumn of 1976 by the community which opposed communist party rule in Poland. The author of the article offers a synthesis defining the notion of „second circulation”, indicating its scope of influence and its reach, discussing its significance at the levels of community, cultural and political life, and its influence on the democratic changes in Poland and other Central and East European states in the late-1980s.

Kruszenie muru. O wpływie niezależnych ośrodków informacyjnych i wydawniczych na politykę kulturalną PRL

100%

Tatarowski K. W.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

2017

vol. 41

issue 3

85-93

The author of the article reminds us about the most important phases of the fight for freedom of speech in Poland between 1945 and 1989, during the time when the country was under Soviet influence. It indicates a broad public support of the activities of Radio Free Europe, which broadcast its programmes from Munich as well as support for various independent artistic and publishing initiatives in the country during that time. It also indicates the influence of independent information and cultural hubs on those media that were organised in a central doctrine according to marksist-leninist rules.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

2 2017

2 Tatarowski K. W.

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Enclaves of freedom. On „second circulation” publishing in the PRL

Kruszenie muru. O wpływie niezależnych ośrodków informacyjnych i wydawniczych na politykę kulturalną PRL