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Rating państwa jako metoda oceny zdolności kraju do spłaty zobowiązań w obliczu kryzysu finansowego

100%
Ciak J.
Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Toruniu
|
2011
|
issue 10
29-40
EN
Rating is granted to many institutions - including the institution of a state— in the actual fact, it includes the ceiling of sovereign bonds. The evaluation of creditworthiness of a country conducted by rating agencies easies the issuance activity to a large extent. After all, rating is an objective and independent measure of credit risk of a given country willing to take a loan on the market. Furthermore, rating is an opinion concerning the possibility of a country serving its financial liabilities. The financial crisis in the world, manifesting itself in the decrease of gross national product in many countries, revealed the weak sides of world economy. The effect is overall economic debilitation as well as the decreased rating of particular countries.
2
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Identyfikacja problemów i korzyści z wdrożenia audytu wewnętrznego w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego. Wyniki badań

100%
Ciak J.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2017
|
vol. 51
|
issue 4
EN
Internal audit in Poland is an institution recognized by both the law and the Polish public finance and finance law doctrine, and it has been functioning for over fifteen years. However, both its practice and its legal environment is a source of numerous problems experienced by both entities subject to internal auditing and by auditors themselves. The aim of the article is to identify activities, problems and benefits of implementing auditing in local government entities, to identify the types of risk and to create a ranking of activities influencing the increasing of the quality of public services. So that the indicated objective could be achieved, in 2016 a survey which was the continuation of the pilot study started in 2015 was conducted. The survey covered other local government entities in 14 voivodeships. The results provided a broader view of the institution of audit and its role in the self-government sector. The study contributed to identifying the risks and activities facilitating the improvement of a given entity’s functioning and increasing the quality of services delivered by public entities.
PL
Audyt wewnętrzny w Polsce jest instytucją znaną obecnie zarówno prawu, jak i polskiej doktrynie finansów publicznych oraz prawa finansowego i funkcjonuje już ponad 15 lat. Jednakże praktyka audytu i jego otoczenie prawne przysparzają wielu problemów jednostkom, które są objęte audytem wewnętrznym, a także samym audytorom. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja działań, problemów i korzyści z wdrożenia audytu w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego, rozpoznanie rodzajów ryzyka i stworzenie rankingu działań wpływających na wzrost jakości świadczonych usług publicznych. Dla realizacji wskazanego celu w 2016 r. przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe, które było kontynuacją rozpoczętych w 2015 r. badań pilotażowych. Badaniem objęto kolejne jednostki samorządu terytorialnego z 14 województw. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na szersze spojrzenie na instytucję audytu i jej rolę w sektorze samorządowym. Analiza przyczyniła się do zidentyfikowania ryzyk i działań sprzyjających poprawie funkcjonowania danej jednostki i wzrostowi jakości usług świadczonych przez jednostki publiczne.
3
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Bony i obligacje skarbowe jako instrumenty finansowania deficytu budżetowego w polsce

63%
Ciak J., Górniewicz G.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2010
|
vol. LXXXII (82)
241-266
EN
For almost twenty years, Poland has permanently suffered from the budgetary deficit. The afore-mentioned deficit is mainly covered by taking public debt. One of the main forms of the occurrence of such liabilities is issuing treasury savings securities. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the issues related to the issuing of treasury savings securities as well as conducting the analysis related to treasury savings securities in Poland in the first decade of XX century.
4
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The financial crisis and the public finances deficit in Poland and the European Union member countries

63%
Ciak J., Mosionek-Schweda M.
Financial Law Review
|
2017
|
issue 2(1)
8-17
EN
As a result of the current economic crisis, the indicators of the deficit and public debt in most European Union countries have exacerbated significantly. In fact, in the years 2007 – 2010 none of the 27 EU countries registered a credit balance. In 2011, a budget surplus was reported by three states only. At the same time, many countries, especially of the Euro-zone, began to struggle with the deficit at approximately, or exceeding, 10% of GDP. The indicators of public debt are similarly alarming for the EU countries, especially the so-called PIIGS, i.e. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2011, these indicators have deteriorated significantly in comparison to the previous years. The aim of this article is to present and analyse basic economic indicators of EU Member States.
5
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The financial crisis and the public finances deficit in Poland and the European Union member countries

63%
Ciak J., Mosionek-Schweda M.
Financial Law Review
|
2017
|
vol. 2
|
issue 1
8-17
EN
As a result of the current economic crisis, the indicators of the deficit and public debt in most European Union countries have exacerbated significantly. In fact, in the years 2007 – 2010 none of the 27 EU countries registered a credit balance. In 2011, a budget surplus was reported by three states only. At the same time, many countries, especially of the Euro-zone, began to struggle with the deficit at approximately, or exceeding, 10% of GDP. The indicators of public debt are similarly alarming for the EU countries, especially the so-called PIIGS, i.e. Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. In 2011, these indicators have deteriorated significantly in comparison to the previous years. The aim of this article is to present and analyse basic economic indicators of EU Member States.
6
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System emerytalny i jego zmiany w Polsce w kontekście deficytu budżetowego oraz długu publicznego w latach 1999–2014

63%
Ciak J., Kołosowska B.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2015
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vol. 3
|
issue 4
219-232
PL
Since January 1999 a new pension system based on the reformed Social InsuranceInstitution (ZUS) and open pension funds (OFE) has been in force. The reformsdid not concern all the insured in ZUS uniformly, due to its scope and costs. The aim of the article is to present the changes in the Polish national pension systemand their influence on the public finance including the state budget. The influenceis considerable due to the long-lasting imbalance in the state budget and theaccumulating public debt. The authors discern that the changes suggested by thegovernment can be assessed as the choice between being responsible for presentand being responsible for the future. Thus the effects of the current changesin the pension system are moved to the future generations and the sources of theirfinancing, whether they are in the form of higher taxes, smaller public expenditureor higher public debt, will depend on the future economic policy includingthe financial policy.
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