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1
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Konstytucyjna regulacja instytucji wywłaszczenia w Polsce – geneza, konstytucyjne przesłanki wywłaszczenia na tle porównawczym

100%
Kościelniak G.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2020
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issue 1(26)
149-165
EN
The aim of the present study is to present the issues of regulation of the institution of expropriation in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997. This institution has long been known for both administrative and civil law. However, it has been the subject of interest of the constitutionalists since its introduction to the provisions of the Basic Law. Due to the complexity of the work, it will be divided into three parts. In the first part, the author conducted an analysis of the process of constitutionalization of this institution in the Polish legal system and made a selective analysis of constitutional regulations of expropriation institutions in some modern countries, mainly European ones and in the USA. The second part of the work will attempt to define the constitutional concept of expropriation. At the same time, the assumption that the definition of a given legal concept should describe the constitutive elements of the institution defined by the concept will make it possible to characterize the expropriation itself. The last third part of the work will focus on the constitutional conditions for the admissibility of expropriation. It will also include conclusions and the coping of conducted research.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przybliżenie problematyki regulacji instytucji wywłaszczenia w Konstytucji RP z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 roku. Instytucja ta znana jest od dawna zarówno prawu administracyjnemu, jak i cywilnemu, natomiast przedmiotem zainteresowania konstytucjonalistów jest zasadniczo od momentu jej wprowadzenia do postanowień ustawy zasadniczej. Z uwagi na złożoność pracy została ona podzielona na trzy części. W pierwszej części autor przeprowadził analizę procesu konstytucjonalizacji instytucji wywłaszczenia w polskim porządku prawnym oraz dokonał selektywnej analizy konstytucyjnych regulacji instytucji w niektórych współczesnych państwach, głównie europejskich, oraz w USA. W drugiej części pracy podjęto próbę zdefiniowania konstytucyjnego pojęcia wywłaszczenia. Jednocześnie przyjęcie założenia, zgodnie z którym definicja danego pojęcia prawnego powinna opisywać konstytutywne elementy instytucji określanej tym pojęciem umożliwi scharakteryzowanie samego zjawiska. Ostatnia – trzecia część pracy koncentrować się będzie na konstytucyjnych warunkach dopuszczalności instytucji wywłaszczenia. Zawierać będzie również konkluzje podsumowujące i jednocześnie wieńczące przeprowadzone badania.
2
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Bezpieczeństwo prawne jednostki a bezprawie legislacyjne – wybrane zagadnienia

100%
Kościelniak G.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2013
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issue 2(13)
21-48
PL
Jurisprudence interprets “legislative unlawfulness” as an unlawful act on behalf of the legislator, which may consist in passing a legislative act that violates the legal order, i.e. the axiological grounds of the legal system and the way the body of laws is formed, e.g. the hierarchy of the sources of law, failure to promulgate a legislative act in nonfeasance despite an existing obligation to do so, which may result in emergence of legaf loopholes. As indicated by the judgements of the Polish Constitutional Court, the legal security of an individual is bound to the consistency and certainty of law, and allows the individual to forecast, plan rationally their activities in accordance with the predictability of what the state authorfitfies do. Therefore, an individual should be certain of the law (i.e. experience legal security) when undertaking activities in line with the binding legal order, that is to be able to determine confidently the legal effects of such activities. Hence, each finstance of legislative unlawfulness violating the legal order finstantaneously violates the principle of trust for the state and its established law and threatens the individual’s legal security. Legislative unlawfulness may occur when: the legislator establishing a normative act violates the rules of law stemming from the principal rule of the democratic state of law; when the sentences of the Polish Constitutional Court are not executed. The Court derogates a legafl article and the legislator ceases to establish a new norm regulatfing a particular matter within a suitable time (legislative nonfeasance) leading to the emergence of a legafl loophofle. The objective of the paper is to discuss the issue of legislative unlawfulness fin Poland (with the major focus on the two cases menfioned above) in the context off tThe individual’s legal security, followed by an attempt to formulate conclusions de lege fata and de lege ferenda .
3
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Rada Stanu – organ opiniodawczy w procesie stanowienia prawa. Analiza postulatu Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich

100%
Kościelniak G.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2010
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issue 1
67-77
4
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Zmiany społeczne, gospodarcze i kulturowe w erze ponowoczesnej a ustrojowa przyszłość instytucji samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce

100%
Kościelniak G.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2012
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issue 3
17-39
EN
In the postmodern era, Europe, including Poland, is strikingly characterised by the migration of citizens, caused among others by the process of European integration or globalisation, enhanced by the fact that territorial, transport and language barriers cease to exist. There are two types of migration: external (among countries) and internal (among regions or municipal units). The process mentioned, apart from all its positive aspects, may simultaneously lead to a weakening or even loss of local identity as well as social bonds on the local level. These two elements, however, are absolutely vital for the proper functioning of a local self-government community. The process of erosion of social bonds is also influenced by a consumerist and hedonist lifestyle. Therefore, a question arises about the future shape of the self-governmental community, which consists of all the inhabitants of a principal unit of administrative division of a country. Such a community with its territory constitutes the local self-government, which not only takes part in exercising public authority, but also as a result of the process of decentralising public authority, accomplishes an essential part of its objectives. Thus, the first element of the presentation will be introducing the political shape of the local self-government, set by the norms laid out in the constitution and the European Charter of Local Self-government, based on legal dogmatics and empirical method (analysis of the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court). Second, the presentation will attempt to verify the thesis concerning the level of threats for the future functioning of the institutions of the local self-government, caused by contemporary social, economic and cultural changes. A measurable factor verifying the thesis will consist in the analysis of the participation of the local communities in the direct way of exercising authority by the members of the self-governmental community, namely the attendance in local elections). A positive answer to the thesis formed may constitute a basis for de lege ferenda conclusions, concerning the shape of local self-government institutions in Poland.
5
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Najwyższa Izba Kontroli – 90 lat tradycji naczelnego organu kontroli państwowej. Współczesny obraz i proponowane kierunki zmian

100%
Kościelniak G.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2009
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issue 3
157-166
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