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Thoughts on changes in Greek warfare during the Archaic period with reference to the representation of the phalanx in contemporary art

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Miścicki W.

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

2012

vol. 16

85-104

The purpose of this paper is to clarify theories concerning the introduction of hoplite warfare, in particular its depiction in Archaic art. Three major points of view about formation of the phalanx are presented and reexamined along with a careful analysis of iconographic evidence to produce more coherent picture of Greek warfare. This examination suggests that the Archaic phalanx developed through social and cultural changes in the Archaic period, rather than purely military developments. It is also pointed out that although the Archaic phalanx differs from its Classical counterpart, the tactical core was the same. Evaluation of depictions of the phalanx in art shows that artists had emphasized the ethos of community warfare over its realistic representation. Nevertheless the community ethos is an integral aspect of hoplite warfare itself, creating social ties and building cohesion within the polis.

Najemnicy w armiach XVII stulecia i ich rola w procesach kształtowania narodów Europy

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Miścicki W.

Wielogłos

2014

issue 2(20)

Mercenaries in the armies in the 17th century and their role in shaping the peoples of Europe The aim of this paper is to describe the changes in the warfare that occurred in the 17th century and to outline their social and political implications. During early modern period in Europe, and specially during Thirty Years’ War, several European countries have shifted away from professional, mercenary-based formations and begun creating standing armies, conscripted from the local population. This resulted in changing of the social perception of warfare, and had great impact on the culture of the entire continent. The figure of a mercenary a professional soldier, who was perceived as a type of craftsman deeply attached to his personal honour, became obsolete, pushing it into the area of marginal identities of contemporary and future society. The paper follows the case studies of mercenaries who served in the middle of the 17th century, both actual and fictional, and presents their lives in typical context of early modern warfare. It also explain possible reasons behind the switch to conscripted standing armies, which were the predecessors of current national armies and have direct impact in creating modern societies.

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Thoughts on changes in Greek warfare during the Archaic period with reference to the representation of the phalanx in contemporary art

Najemnicy w armiach XVII stulecia i ich rola w procesach kształtowania narodów Europy