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EN
This article presents interpretation od Marian Pankowski’s narrative novel Zwin. Using Animal Studies perspective author describes complexity of main character and structure of one’s eroticism, which reveals hidden connection between anthropocentrism and androcentrism in heterosexual cliché. Pankowski describes these influences subversively, creating a reality of displacement. In Zwin stereotypes of gender and heterosexuality are based on strong opposition between ‘human’ and ‘animal’. In this analysis Pankowski’s narrative novel is described with psychoanalytical category Uncanny (Unheimlishe), which helps to understand blending of ‘human’ and ‘animal’ identity in Zwin.
EN
The main aim of the article is an analysis of entomological motifs in the Nałkowska’s wartime diary. The surprising frequency of these motifs gives an opportunity for a more general discussion: the key context for an explanation of insect metaphors seems to be the tendency, common for modernist authors, to place the concept of humanity in a widely un­derstood philosophy of nature. The rule would also apply for the war, or more generally, for mechanisms of human violence, which Nałkowska subjects in her diary to a peculiar darwinistic representation. Understanding the war as a “naturalistic fact” (Hanna Kirchner’s description) results in a gradual blurring of the differences between the violence of nature and the violence of history. The author of the article has identified a similar procedure in Czesław Miłosz’s work, which constitutes a specific counterpoint for Nałkowska’s wartime diary.
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PL
Przedstawiony artykuł stanowi omówienie książki Sławomira Buryły zatytułowanej Tematy (nie)opisane. Monografia olsztyńskiego historyka literatury skupia się na analizie trzech znaczących motywów pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie o Holocauście. Do tytułowych „tematów (nie)opisanych”, a więc takich, które wciąż domagają się od literaturoznawców pogłębionej refleksji, Buryła zalicza: historię „żydowskich Kolumbów” – „młodych Żydów i Polaków pochodzenia żydowskiego, którzy w czasie wojny stanęli do walki z hitlerowską machiną śmierci”; „Nowe Eldorado” – literacki wątek przejmowania żydowskiego majątku i żydowskiego złota; „portret oprawcy” – ukazanie motywu nazistowskiego mordercy w prozie polskiej lat 1939–1989.
EN
The presented article is a text of the book by Sławomir Buryła entitled Tematy (nie)opisane. This monograph by a literary historian from Olsztyn focuses on analyzing three significant motifs appearing in publications about the Holocaust. As the title ‘topics (un)described,’ that is ones which still demand literary scholars’ detailed reflection, Buryła recognizes: the history of the Jewish ‘Kolumbowie’ – ‘young Jews and Poles of Jewish descent who during the war squared up to fight with the Nazi death machine’; ‘the New Eldorado’ – the literary theme of seizing Jewish possessions and Jewish gold; ‘the portrait of the torturer’ – showing the theme of the Nazi murderer in Polish prose written between 1939 and 1989.
PL
Artykuł jest zapisem rozmowy z prof. Erazmem Kuźmą (1926–2014), szczecińskim teoretykiem i historykiem literatury, krytykiem literackim, autorem m.in. takich książek, jak: Z problemów świadomości literackiej i artystycznej ekspresjonizmu w Polsce (1976), Mit Orientu i kultury Zachodu w literaturze XIX i XX wieku (1980), Między konstrukcją a destrukcją. Szkice z teorii i historii literatury (1994). Prezentowaną rozmowę przeprowadził Piotr Krupiński we wrześniu 2008 roku. Profesor Kuźma był jednym z założycieli szczecińskiej polonistyki uniwersyteckiej i właśnie próbie rekonstrukcji dziejów akademickiego literaturoznawstwa w Szczecinie poświęcono główną część wywiadu. Ale mówiąc o przeszłości, prof. Kuźma stara się również antycypować. Jaka przyszłość czeka polską naukę o literaturze? Czy w dzisiejszych czasach jest jeszcze miejsce dla humanistów? To tylko niektóre z wątków poruszonych w trakcie rozmowy.
EN
The article documents a conversation with Prof. Erazm Kuźma (1926–2014), a literary theorist, historian and critic from Szczecin, the author of such books as Z problemów świadomości literackiej i artystycznej ekspresjonizmu w Polsce (From Problems of Literary and Artistic Awareness of Expressionism in Poland) (1976), Mit Orientu i kultury Zachodu w literaturze XIX i XX wieku (The Myth of the Orient and the Culture of the West in the 19th and 20th-century Literature) (1980), Między konstrukcją a destrukcją. Szkice z teorii i historii literatury (Between Construction and Destruction. Sketches from Literary Theory and History) (1994). The presented conversation was conducted by Piotr Krupiński in September 2008. Prof. Kuźma was one of the founders Polish studies at the University of Szczecin and the main part of the interview was an attempt
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PL
Choć punktem wyjścia dla autora szkicu jest konkretna książka – Pinkes Szczekocin. Księga pamięci Szczekocin, w istocie stanowi ona impuls do dużo rozleglejszych rozważań. Analizując narracyjny fenomen ksiąg pamięci gmin żydowskich, dzieł upamiętniających zgładzone w czasie Holokaustu żydowskie społeczności poszczególnych miast i miasteczek, autor zastanawia się nad zmianą, jaka zaszła w specyfice odbioru tego piśmiennictwa. Księgi pamięci skierowane były przede wszystkim do potomnych ocalonych z Zagłady, dziś stają się również ważnym źródłem wiedzy o historii i kulturze żydowskiej dla Polaków, mieszkańców miast, w których przed wojną kwitło żydowskie życie.
EN
Although the starting point for the author of the essay is a specific book – Pinkes Szczekocin. Memorial Book of Szczekociny, it actually becomes an impetus to far more extensive consideration. Analyzing the narrative phenomenon of memorial books, that is works commemorating the Jewish communities of particular cities and towns exterminated in the Holocaust, the author ponders over how the specificity of such writing’s reception has changed. Memorial books, directed mainly to the descendants of the extermination survivors, become today an important source of knowledge about Jewish history and culture for Poles living in cities where Jewish life flourished before the war.
EN
This article is  entirely dedicated to  zoophilology-a  new discipline of  research, which emerged with the fusion of philological sciences and modern, ethically deepened animal studies. The author-following Aleksander Nawarecki, who coined the term-is trying to define the genesis, subject of  research, and methodology of zoophilology. Its most important intellectual context is the non-anthropo-centric humanities, also called posthumanities. One of the main tasks of zoophilology studies is to show how writers question the evaluative opposition between men and animals. More and more often getting to know the perspective of animals-their non-human point of view, which is so difficult to imagine-is becoming one of the ambitions of modern literature and art. The role of zoophilologists is conceived as trying to analyze and interpret such “postanthropocentric” texts. It is an attempt to reach a deeper understanding of how literature enables us to put ourselves in the position of others.
PL
A red plait. Martin Pollack: Skażone krajobrazy. Przeł. Karolina Niedenthal. Wołowiec, Wydawnictwo Czarne, 2014, ss. 112. The present essay is devoted to a book by Martin Pollack entitled Skażone krajobrazy. In this volume the Austrian reporter and essayist creates a peculiar map of Central and EasternEurope. The former includes the sites of mass murders which were perpetrated in strict secrecy, and which until today have not been commemorated. Pollack argues that until this happens, the perpetrators who attempted at all costs to commit their crimes without any witnesses will prevail. A separate trait of Pollack’s essay has to do with a reflection about the “topography of terror”: the author presents with a poet’s devotion the landscapes in which acts of genocide were perpetrated. This enables the readers to examine the process of the Shoah from yet another perspective – a post‑anthropocentric perspective.
PL
Zoosynthesis, or a Strong Weak Subject. Anna Barcz: Realizm ekologiczny. Od ekokrytyki do zookrytyki w literaturze polskiej. Katowice, Wydawnictwo Naukowe „Śląsk”, 2016, ss. 365. This article is a review of – or, to be more precise, an attempt to critically discuss – Anna Barcz’s monograph Realizm ekologiczny. Od ekokrytyki do zookrytyki w literaturze polskiej. This vast work is entirely focused on tracing ecocritical and pre‑ecocritical contexts in Polish literature, and thereby it offers the readers a new look at the canon of Polish modern literature. Yet, the value of Anna Barcz’s monograph lies in something more. This book successfully implants new directions of the literary studies (mainly from the Anglo‑American humanities), showing the usefulness of ecocriticism and zoocriticism as the tools that help understand more fully not only texts of culture but also the surrounding world: the world within which the human “I” does not have to be the only source of experience.
EN
The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to one of the motifs which appear regularly in literature concerning the Nazi concentration camps. In many memoirs of ex-convicts the concentration camp is represented as a place „where birds did not sing” – an area domed by an empty, silent sky, „a sky without birds”. The author of this paper examines this phenomenon from many perspectives, drawing on various types of sources. The voices of the imprisoned are surprisingly juxtaposed with ornithological research conducted by Günther Niethammer, a scientist and, simultaneously, one of the SS guards in the Auschwitz concentration camp. This article is part of ever-growing contemporary research on the topoi of concentration camp literature and Holocaust literature. Ecocriticism and environmentalism constitute an important inspiration for his text, and a post-anthropocentric perspective allows the author to extend the scope of historicity to include the non-human beings, such as animals, plants and the landscape.
EN
The aim of the article is to indicate a recurring motif in the writings devoted to Nazi concentration camps. In many of the accounts of male and female internees the camp was described as a place “where birds did not sing”. As a territory over which there spun an empty silent sky. “A Birdless Sky”. The author of the study, utilising various sources, attempted to study the phenomenon from different perspectives. The results of scientific ornithological studies conducted by Günther Niethammer, a scientist and an SS guard at KL Auschwitz proved a rather unexpected point of reference for the voices of the internees. The presented article refers to the increasingly lively contemporary research into the topics of Lager and Holocaust literatures. Ecocriticism and environmentalism have been some of the more significant inspirations of the proposed discussion. By introducing a post-anthropocentric perspective, the author was able to expand the historical field to include non-human beings (animals, plants, landscapes).
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