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Śladami solipsyzmu. Medytacja wokół pewnego zagadkowego fragmentu z rozprawy doktorskiej Schopenhauera

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Oleksy M., Instytut Filozofii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica

2004

vol. 16

This article is a proposal for in-depth reading of Schopenhauer's doctoral treatise "On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason" and a recontextualisation of his thought (Wittgenstein's early and later remarks about subjectivity, the analyses of ego-centric discourse in analytic philosophy of language). I venture to expose and at least partly analyse the basic problems implicit in the enigmatic statement made by Schopenhauer in his treatise. Such issued as the existence of the cognizing subject and its individualization, the relations between subject, body and will, self-identification of the subject and the role of first-person point of view are looked at from the perspective of the central question about the origin of solipsism in the modern philosophy of subjectivity. In a broader context, Schopenhauer's philosophy is considered as a key stage in the collapse of modern subjectivism with its idea of epistemologically and ontologically autonomous self-conscious subject.

O dwuznaczności "zwrotu praktycznego" w filozofii posokratejskiej

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Oleksy M., Instytut Filozofii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica

2005

vol. 17

In this paper I venture to examine from several different (but related) perspectives the ambivalent significance of practice in Greek thought. On the one hand, philosophical culture (vita contemplative or theoria) evolves in stark opposition to political culture (vita activa). On the other hand, philosophy in the era of post-Socratic schools takes the form of a spiritual practice (askesis) oriented on the conversion or transformation of the soul of a pupil, and quite often is defined as a preparation for social life (both in the ethical and political aspect). I discuss the Greek problem of anthropocentrism in the context of the critical opposition of bios theoretikos and bios politikos, special attention being paid to the internal tension between theoria (and its self-understanding) and philosophical practise as present in the schools. It is not my intention to deny the distance which separates theoria from praxis. Nevertheless, my objective is to bring out the ambivalence of the notion of theoretical contemplation in the context of Platonic dialectics. Near the end of the paper, I suggest – alluding to Nietzsche's judgment of the relation between post-Socratic and pre-Socratic philosophy – that one should approach with caution two very tempting visions of Greek philosophy. The one is the idea of alleged primacy of the practical over the theoretical in Greek philosophy. The other is the myth of the "primordial practise of the ancient sages", characterized in metaphysical terms.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica

2 Instytut Filozofii U. Ł.

2 Oleksy M.

1 2005

1 2004

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Śladami solipsyzmu. Medytacja wokół pewnego zagadkowego fragmentu z rozprawy doktorskiej Schopenhauera

O dwuznaczności "zwrotu praktycznego" w filozofii posokratejskiej