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  1. 3 Benko L.

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1

HOMAGE TO THE MEMORY OF THE FOUNDERS

100%
Benko L.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2005
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vol. 101
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issue 1
4-7
EN
The second half of the nineteenth century and the first few years of the twentieth were the golden age of the foundation of scholarly societies in Hungary. Approaching the millennium of the Hungarian Conquest (895-896) and that of the foundation of the Hungarian State (1000), increasingly more attention was devoted to what can be called national branches of scholarship: history, ethnography, linguistics, and literary scholarship. Following the foundation of the Hungarian Historical Society and the Hungarian Society of Ethnography (but prior to that of the Society of Hungarian Literary History), linguists in this country founded their own scholarly society, the Society of Hungarian Linguistics, in 1904. The publication of the journal of the Society, The Hungarian Language, started in 1905. Representatives of adjoining fields of scholarship had an important share in the foundation of both the Society and the journal, as well as in keeping them going. Therefore, a fundamental principle of modern scholarship, interdisciplinarity, was attained from the very beginning. The foundation of the Society and of the journal also signalled the appearance of a new generation of linguists. Zoltán Gombocz, János Melich, József Balassa, Vilmos Tolnai, etc., continuing the endeavours of their predecessors but working with a more up-to-date methodology and wider international outlook, raised Hungarian linguistics to the level of the period. - The program of the Society can obviously only be measured against the circumstances, possibilities, and demands of the given period. But even seen from today, the plans and intentions laid down in the various documents and declarations can be deemed as being ahead of their time. In particular, these included general ambitions like publishing the results of linguistics for a wider audience, in a comprehensible form and in terms that are clear for all, as well as taking up a fight against dilettante pronouncements on language. With respect to the internal themes of the world of linguistics, the program included the investigation of various branches of historical linguistics, that of literary language and style, of the Language Reform, of specialised terminologies, of the dialects of Hungarian, and assistance in the practical tasks of language cultivation.
2

AN UNEQUALLED AND UNSURPASSABLE ACHIEVEMENT

100%
Benko L.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
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issue 3
257-262
EN
The Transylvanian Hungarian Historical Dictionary is an outstanding piece of work even within Attila T. Szabó's oeuvre of unparalleled dimensions. In his various accounts of his own life and scholarly activities, he regarded that dictionary as his chef-d'oeuvre himself; as time passed, he increasingly concentrated his attention, thought and energy on it. Among his many other superb achievements, this was the work that commanded attention in professional circles to an exceptional extent, calling forth a number of detailed reviews and analyses as well as favourable recognition from all quarters, linguists and representatives of neighbouring disciplines alike. (The dictionary is still being edited and published, Volume 13 is forthcoming soon.) This talk presents Attila T. Szabó's life and work, including personal memories of the speaker, with the Dictionary in the focus of attention. Its national and international significance is briefly discussed and its interdisciplinary character is emphasized.
3

THE ROLE OF THE SZÉKELY PEOPLE IN DEFENDING THE COUNTRY IN THE ÁRPÁDIAN AGE

100%
Benko L.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
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vol. 101
|
issue 3
269-274
EN
The eleventh and twelfth-century history of the Székely, one of the characteristic groups of Hungarians, has to be revised at a number of points as compared to earlier studies in the field. This paper discusses an important issue within that period of the history of the Székely: their role in defending Hungary. The discussion retains its original form as an oral presentation and focuses on the results of the inquiry. It argues against the claim that the Kingdom of Hungary had employed foreigners, nomadic people from the East, to defend the country in the early Árpádian age. Rather, the kings of Hungary at that time organised Hungarian troops to accomplish that task from light horsemen capable of forming flying patrols and deployed them next to strategically prominent roads and mountain passes, generally at the fringes of the territories within which Hungarian was spoken. Many of these groups of people, referred to as the Székely, were later transferred from those remote areas to what is known as the Székely land in eastern Transylvania today, also with defence tasks, only in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.
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