Metropolitan area, by the functions and role it plays, and determinants of its functio- ning, is a place for locating business activity. Together with the development of the area, use of existing and potential abilities of its development after some time it may result in creating some areas of specific activity for a particular location. It follows by the concentration of an activity, the result of which can be emergence of a cluster. It is an initiative which always releases entrepreneurship, the increase of a functioning effectiveness, decrease in costs and risk, and increase also innovativeness of companies operating in a cluster.
The article is taking up a topic of investments in the airport infrastructure in Poland (the aim of which is to increase capacity of Polish airports) as a factor determining appearance of positive effects of air transport on cities' and regions' economies. First, results of an earlier research on the impact of air transport on regional economy are presented. Then, data concerning number of passengers, its dynamic in Poland and also data concerning capacity of Polish airports and its changes resulting from infrastructural investments are analyzed.
Besides social and economic coherences, territorial dimension became one of the pillars in the coherence policy of the European Union for the years subsequent to 2007. This comes in consequence of the processes presently growing in the EU since its expansion in 2004, since the concentration of social, economical and environmental problems in large cities has progressively intensified, despite the growing financial assistance provided by EU institutions. The author presents an analysis of the current needs for strengthening the economical welfare in small towns and peripheral areas, and for diminishing the social distance which exists between large cities and surrounding areas. The analysis is given in context of the current instrumentalization of the coherence policy and the recent documentation created with the participation of European institutions.
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