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Filozofia Emmanuela Lévinasa jako odpowiedź na doświadczenie Zagłady

100%

Kutnik J.

Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

2020

vol. 10

issue 9-10

119-131

Representatives of varied contemporary philosophical movements attempted to deal with the trauma caused by the Holocaust and genocide. The Holocaust left a very substantial mark on the philosophers of Jewish origin. The most prominent trend in contemporary Jewish thought is the classical philosophy of dialogue. The article presents a critical analysis of the influence of the Holocaust experience on the thought of Emanuel Lévinas, the main post-war representative of the philosophy of dialogue. Lévinas, being imprisoned as an officer of the French army, spent the war in a POW camp. Most of his works, created after the war, were marked by the painful shadow of the Holocaust (despite few direct and personal references to the war experience). In his ethical thought, Levinas sought answers to two fundamental questions: 1) how the crime of genocide could have taken place, and 2) how to change thinking patterns and awareness of individuals so that a similar tragedy may never again be repeated. The concept of interpersonal relationships, he expressed, is an excellent practical lesson for each one of us. The popularisation of his idea is still valid nowadays. His reflections have lost none of their relevance in the era of pervasive “hate speech” flooding the mass and social media. Representatives of varied contemporary philosophical movements attempted to deal with the trauma caused by the Holocaust and genocide. The Holocaust left a very substantial mark on the philosophers of Jewish origin. The most prominent trend in contemporary Jewish thought is the classical philosophy of dialogue. The article presents a critical analysis of the influence of the Holocaust experience on the thought of Emanuel Lévinas, the main post-war representative of the philosophy of dialogue. Lévinas, being imprisoned as an officer of the French army, spent the war in a POW camp. Most of his works, created after the war, were marked by the painful shadow of the Holocaust (despite few direct and personal references to the war experience). In his ethical thought, Levinas sought answers to two fundamental questions: 1) how the crime of genocide could have taken place, and 2) how to change thinking patterns and awareness of individuals so that a similar tragedy may never again be repeated. The concept of interpersonal relationships, he expressed, is an excellent practical lesson for each one of us. The popularisation of his idea is still valid nowadays. His reflections have lost none of their relevance in the era of pervasive “hate speech” flooding the mass and social media.

Przedstawiciele różnych współczesnych ruchów filozoficznych próbowali uporać się z traumą spowodowaną Holokaustem i ludobójstwem. Holokaust odcisnął bardzo wyraźny ślad na filozofach pochodzenia żydowskiego. Najwybitniejszym nurtem współczesnej myśli żydowskiej jest klasyczna filozofia dialogu. Artykuł przedstawia krytyczną analizę wpływu doświadczenia Holokaustu na myśl Emanuela Lévinasa, głównego powojennego przedstawiciela filozofii dialogu. Lévinas, więziony jako oficer armii francuskiej, wojnę spędził w obozie jenieckim. Większość jego prac, powstałych po wojnie, naznaczona została bolesnym cieniem Holokaustu (pomimo nielicznych bezpośrednich i osobistych odniesień do doświadczeń wojennych). W swojej myśli etycznej Levinas szukał odpowiedzi na dwa fundamentalne pytania: 1) jak mogło dojść do zbrodni ludobójstwa i 2) jak zmienić schematy myślenia i świadomość jednostek, aby podobna tragedia nigdy więcej się nie powtórzyła. Wyraził, że koncepcja relacji międzyludzkich jest doskonałą praktyczną lekcją dla każdego z nas. Popularyzacja jego idei jest nadal aktualna. Jego refleksje nie straciły nic ze swojej aktualności w erze wszechobecnej „mowy nienawiści” zalewającej media masowe i społecznościowe.

Conflicting representations on Armenian genocide: exploring the relational future through self-inquiring technique

51%

Mamali C., Kivu M., Kutnik J.

Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna

2019

vol. 8

issue 1

168-250

Major lethal conflicts (war crimes, genocides) between large social actors include many times opposing social representations, narratives and practical approaches to the events worked out by those placed on the aggressor or aggressed, perpetrators or victims’ side. War crimes and genocides seem to be historically associated, mainly in the case of dictatorial regimes, with system-atic repression not only of the information about such events but also of the interrogative potential of common people about the events. The study proposes that such conflicting representations cannot be approached only by questions pre-established by the researchers to which the participants are supposed to answer. Methodologically and theoretically it is justified to explore the assumptions and the questions that can be triggered by the presentation of conflicts to the participants who are supposed to look to the same conflict from both sides. Besides the use of national representative samples and of convenience samples before and after the 100 years commemoration of the 1915 Armenian genocide the study presents the findings based on self-inquiry technique applied at three levels of social complexity: (a) societal level, with questions directed to the general universe of discourse implied by the 1915 events; (b) at interpersonal level with questions directed to actors with leading roles on both sides; (c) at the individual level stimulating questions about 1915 genocide that are explicitly self-directed. We suggest, based on the findings, that the expression of the questioning potential on tragic events is useful for the relational future of the sides involved in the conflicts.

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1 Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna

1 Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

2 Kutnik J.

1 Kivu M.

1 Mamali C.

1 2020

1 2019

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Filozofia Emmanuela Lévinasa jako odpowiedź na doświadczenie Zagłady

Conflicting representations on Armenian genocide: exploring the relational future through self-inquiring technique