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1

On veterology in Stanislaw Lem

100%
Michera W.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2007
|
issue 6(108)
147-165
EN
The issue of 'existence of the nonentity' in Stanislaw Lem's discourse is usually connected with the description of an ontic quality of 'literature'; secretly, it also refers to 'the world'. First, the notion of 'retrognosis' is discussed, as a 'symptom', in author's opinion, of Lem's hidden weaknesses: it appears in the text on Borges and instantly disappears mysteriously. It is a 'subversive' notion, by necessity undermining the certainty of data of a perfect tense, thus making any forecasting unfeasible. Next, two 'neantological' short stories from Cyberiada collection: 'Jak ocalal swiat' (How the world was saved) and 'Wyprawa trzecia, czyli smoki prawdopodobienstwa' (Trek Three or Dragons of probability) are analysed.
2

The Complex of Echidna. (The Visual Beast)

100%
Michera W.
Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa
|
2006
|
vol. 60
|
issue 1(272)
47-67
EN
In the medieval commentaries on Genesis 3:1 and in the art of the 13th-17th century, the Edenic tempter is often visualized as having a maiden's face. The author argues that this feminization of the serpent means that the sin is defined as a 'representation'. In Part I, the author examines the late ancient discourse on the evil. Plotin, who identifies the evil with the matter as the non-being - intelligible only in the 'bastard' way (gr. notho) - metaphorizes it as the 'femininity': he reminds the comparison of Aristote (Phys. 192a), and the Plato's figure of Poverty (Penia) (Conv. 203). The Plato's story is associated by Orygenes and Eusebius with the Genesis words. They identify Penia with the Edenic serpent, in such way defining Eva's status: her being is understood as 'lack', privatio, perceivable only by looking awry, thanks to the serpent which is the bastard cognitive instrument. In Part II, the author examines the formulations of medieval exegetes: 'similia similibus applaudunt and similitudo mater est falsitatis'. The sin as seduction means here: (1) the rhetoric language feminization (the corruption of the primar lingua humana by opening the ability for verbal deceit) and (2) deceptive similitude, which not relates (referre) to the truth of the prototype but closes the image in the mirror feedback. The whole contribution is closed by some observations about the medieval misogynism (a woman as senses and symptom of the man).
3

'Blow Up' - The Problem of Focalization

100%
Michera W.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
|
2008
|
issue 64
46-56
EN
In the first section of the article, the author presents the concept of focalization; a narrative category formulated in the 1970s in the work of Gerard Gennette, but particularly in the work of Mieke Bal (who points that focalization and narration are distinct activities). In this section he also considers related concept of plot (and plotting) developed by Peter Brooks. In the second part the author analyzes the famous scene from Antoninioni's 'Blow Up' - the sequence of photographic reconstruction of events - and sees it as a metaphor of 'film image'. He shows the role the external and internal focalization plays in this narrative discourse. In the case of external focalization, he sees it not so much as a tool of a particular ideology, but (similarly to Lacanian Gaze) a centre of fundamental nonconclusivity.
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