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VOLNÝ ČAS JAKO VÝZVA PRO TEOLOGII

100%
Studia theologica
|
2011
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
97-117
EN
Free time is one of the significant phenomenon of contemporary life. People‘s attitude towards time and leisure is influenced by the Judeo-Christian tradition as well as by contemporary consumer trends. The author builds on the teachings of J. Pieper and R. Bleinstein and seeks to establish the place of leisure in theology. From philosophical reflections about understanding time he moves to topics of social ethics which are linked with the modern concept of leisure. Leisure consequently appears as an area for the realisation of interpersonal relationships as well as for searching for God, as it corresponds with the biblical idea of the Sabbath. At the end of the article the author reflects on pastoral care in the context of a “leisure society”.
EN
The author’s, a Czech Salesian opening concept is the original effect of the God’s incarnation which had an impact on the history of Jewish nation. Christianity was injected into the specific socio-cultural stream of Hellenistic (Greek), Jewish thought. All three missionary actions were marked by being imbued with the current forms of thought and custom. In the 20th century this form of adaptation is called inculturation. This is to say that the Son of God was born into a specific socio-economic environment and not some abstract reality. This is the foundation of Christian faith in all cultures and movements known as “Young Churches.” The author, however expands this view of missionary concepts wider than that in Ad Gentes. In his article he explains the meaning of inculturation for the current and post-modern scenes. He also supports the concept for the sake of finding new “ways of life” deriving from the original idea to be applicable in other countries and continents.
PL
Punktem wyjścia rozważań autora, czeskiego salezjanina, jest wcielone działanie Boga, które wywarło wpływ na historię narodu żydowskiego. Chrześcijaństwo zostało „wszczepione” społeczno-kulturowo w hellenizowany judaizm. Wszystkie trzy fale misji w historii chrześcijaństwa naznaczone były także różnorodnym dostosowaniem doktryny i praktyki wiary do obecnych form myślenia. W teologii XX wieku do tej adaptacji użyto terminu „inkulturacja”. Inkulturacja jest rozumiana jako wyraz zasady wcielenia w działaniu Boga. Ten sam Syn Boży, urodzony w konkretnych okolicznościach społeczno-kulturowych, stanowi też fundament wiary chrześcijan wszystkich ludów i narodów, w tym także tak zwanych młodych Kościołów. Autor rozszerza jednak ważność wcielenia daleko poza granice misji ad gentes. W tym artykule wyjaśnia znaczenie inkulturacji dla nowoczesności i postmodernizmu, a także opowiada się za uwzględnianiem zasady inkulturacji w rozpowszechnianiu już sprawdzonych i poszukiwaniu nowych duchowych dróg (sposobów życia) ze społeczno-kulturowego środowiska założyciela (zakonu lub wspólnoty życia) do innych krajów i na inne kontynenty.
DE
Der Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen des Verfassers, eines tschechischen Salesianers, ist die inkarnatorische Handlungsweise Gottes, die sich in der Geschichte des jüdischen Volks auswirkte. Das Christentum wurde soziokulturell auf das hellenisierte Judentum „eingepflanzt“. Auch alle drei Missionswellen in der Geschichte des Christentums wurde durch die mannigfaltige Anpassung der Glaubenslehre und -praxis auf die aktuellen Denkformen gekennzeichnet. In der Theologie des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde dann für diese Anpassung der Begriff „Inkulturation“ gewendet. Die Inkulturation wird als ein Ausdruck des Inkarnationsprinzips der Handlung Gottes verstanden. Derselbe Gottessohn, der in die konkreten soziokulturellen Umstände hineingeboren ist, der stellt auch den Fundament Glaubens der Christen aller Völker und Nationen dar, einschließlich der sog. „jungen Kirchen“. Der Verfasser erweitert aber die Geltung der Inkarnation über die Grenze der Missionen ad gentes weit hinaus. Er erklärt in diesem Artikel die Bedeutung der Inkulturation an die Moderne und Postmoderne und plädiert auch für die Wahrnehmung des Inkulturationsprinzips auch bei der Verbreitung der schon bewährten sowie der neuen spirituellen Wege (der Lebensweisen) aus dem soziokulturellen Milieu des Gründers/der Gründerin in andere Länder und Kontinente.
EN
The word animation is used in different contexts (film, theatre, computers, culture). The object of this study is animation in the context of social pedagogy, social work and pastoral care. The importance of animation in education lies in nondirective educational influence, which is enabled by the use of the animation approach. The essence of animation is derived not only from the etymology of the word animation (imparting life), but also from its understanding in the particular historical development. The authors analysed in detail the development of animation in France and then in other countries (Italy, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Slovakia). They drew on foundational works of renowned authors in the field (Gillet, Opaschowski, Pollo) as well as on the comparison of the individual – often fragmented – bits of information that can be found on animation in educational literature. The result is an attempt to summarise common and different attributes of various types of animation in the social science fields in Europe. It seems that all current types of animation are created on foundations of at least two of the four social variables: the society – education – culture – art.
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