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EN
The article claims that many Polish dialectal plant names are not folk in their origin. The only way to ascertain the true origin of a given name is by analysing the history of the dialectal name and the related names in other languages. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that Polish dialectal names have various origins. A part of them constitute truly dialectal names, i.e. such that originate from Polish dialects, another group consists of colloquial non-dialectal native names that have been adopted by given dialects, if they are relatively new or have been inherited. Yet another part comprises relatively new borrowings, and new calques. Yet another group originates from Old Polish forms no longer in use in non-dialectal Polish. The latter do not comprise a homogenous collection. They fall into three subgroups: Polish names originating in the Polish language or inherited from Old Slavic, old loanwords in use in Old Polish and no longer in use today with the exception of Polish dialects, and finally, there is also the often misclassified group of old calques. The recapitulation of this work emphasises the importance of a diachronic and comparative approach to the analysis of dialectal plant names. It highlights the existence of numerous calques, especially old ones, whose presence was previously overlooked due to their native and sometimes even truly dialectal character. Therefore, a superficial, synchronic analysis does not reveal their long and rich history, and the fact that they have their counterparts also in non-Slavic languages and often originate in antiquity.
EN
The article discusses the influence of ecclesiastical language on standard Polish. It first presents the the faults of this variety, and then some examples of the ecclesiastical vocabulary. The author examines in particular one verb that is typical of contemporary ecclesiastical language, ubogacać (się) / ubogacić (się) ‘to enrich (oneself)’. She analyses its historical and present day meaning, its history and the contexts in which it is used, and observes that it has spread out onto standard Polish.
EN
The article offers an insight into the Slavonic contemporary etymological research and its new possibilities. Modern etymology has witnessed a sea change that can be referred to as a digital breakthrough. Thanks to the Internet and electronic media the etymologists today have easier access to historical linguistic, dialectal and onomastic sources as well as to etymological dictionaries. They also better access to many monographs and studies. Moreover, today the etymologist has no problems making use of analogous materials published in foreign languages, the obtaining of which in the past had posed a major problem. This will clearly accelerate progress in etymological research, thereby opening up new vistas for etymology. We can research effectively the origins of dialectal and colloquial words as well as words no longer in use, a task which had earlier been very difficult.1`19-142
EN
The text is an overview of the first volume of the lexical atlas of the Russian folk dialects. It presents modern cartographic methods used in the volume and types of maps contained therein. In order to better present the volume, one exemplary map is analysed, indicating its advantages and drawbacks. In conclusion the richness of the Russian dialectal lexical material, which was precisely geographically located, is stressed. This is the biggest merit of the atlas.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony zjawisku mody językowej w kościelnej odmianie języka. Autor bada to zagadnienie na przykładzie zapożyczonego z greki terminu kerygmat. Śledzi historię wyrazu, obserwując początki pojawienia się kerygmatu w języku polskim, bada przyczyny jego występowania, jego znaczenie i obserwuje wzrost częstości użycia. Na koniec formułuje ogólne wnioski dotyczące przyczyn mody językowej w kościelnej odmianie języka.
EN
The article discusses the phenomenon of fashion in ecclesiastical language. It studies this question on the example of the term kerygmat, borrowed from Greek. First a sketch of the history of the word is presented, observing the first attestations of the word in the Polish language, followed by an exploration of its meaning and the reasons for its use, and the recent growth in its frequency of occurrence. The final part presents general conclusions concerning reasons for fashion in ecclesiastical language.
EN
The core of this article comprises material from The Slavic Linguistic Atlas which will serve to create two separate maps for the 9th volume of the lexical word-formation series of the Atlas entitled Man. The material was gathered according to the Atlas questionnaire and it covers the terms: L 1384 'rot' (mouth) and L 1388 'guby' /N pl/ (lips). The data bears etymological relation close enough to be presented in its entirety, with lexical units of the same origin grouped. The maps of the Atlas allow for a more precise definition of the domains of many linguistic phenomena. Lexemes covering the notions of 'outh' and 'lips' belong to basic vocabulary. Hence, conclusions drawn from etymological and geographical analysis of their differentiation allow - only to a certain degree and in a limited range - to define mutual linguistic relations.
Język Polski
|
2022
|
vol. 102
|
issue 4
81-92
PL
Celem rozważań jest próba znalezienia etymologii wyrazu stonka i przedstawienie historii tego wyrazu. W toku badań autor stwierdza, że wyraz ten został poświadczony po raz pierwszy w roku 1780 i oznaczał biedronkę. Sugeruje, że stonka jest derywatem rodzimym i wiąże się z czasownikiem stać. Autor bada następnie zmiany semantyczne wyrazu, które są zależne od odkryć i ustaleń entomologów, na przykład od odkrycia gatunku stonki ziemniaczanej w roku 1824 oraz nazwania po polsku podrodziny Chrysomelinae. Współcześnie stonka jest nazwą szkodnika ziemniaków dlatego, że jest najpopularniejszym przedstawicielem podrodziny Chrysomelinae w Polsce.
EN
The aim of this work is to try to find the etymology of the word stonka and to present the history of this word. In the course of research, the author discovers that the word was first attested in 1780 and meant ‘ladybird’. She suggests that the word stonka is a native derivative and is associated with the verb stać. The author then examines the semantic changes of the word, which depend on the discoveries and findings of entomologists, such as the discovery of the Colorado beetle species in 1824 and the naming of the Chrysomelinae subfamily in Polish. Today the word stonka is the name of a potato pest because it is the most popular representative of the Chrysomelinae subfamily in Poland.
EN
The primary aim of the prospective etymological dictionary of Polish dialectal plant names is to trace the origin of selected Polish dialectal wild plant names in the context of other Slavic and European languages. What is more, the dictionary will present the history of Polish dialectal plant names, their chronology, semantic motivation as well as their semantic evolution. The beginnings of entries will consist of two elements: the Latin scientific plant names and the Polish scientific plant names, which are necessary for the identification of the species. Each entry will comprise all dialectal names for a given species, which will be grouped (together with metaphorical names) according to their semantic motivation. The publication will encompass various registers of plant names (Latin scientific names, Polish scientific names, Polish dialectal names, Slavic names, European names).
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Skąd pochodzi pacynka?

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EN
The article offers an insight into the etymology of the Polish word pacynka with various meanings. There are several proposals for determining the origin of pacynka with the meaning ‘hand puppet’. These proposals are presented here after tedious historicallanguistic, dialectal and non-linguistic research. Many possibilities were considered, many premises were examined. Unfortunately, the presented analyses show, however, that none of the solutions is satisfactory. Every one of them has serious flaws. It is also very doubtful that the rightful, well-documented, and credible etymology of pacynka will be found soon.
13
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EN
The article concerns the semantic development of the compositum obieżyświat ‘a person who likes to travel a lot’. It is interesting that the first attestation of the word in Old Polish (from the 15 th century) had a botanical meaning ‘Bupleurum rotundifolium L.’. The form obieżyświat was then the translation of the Old Latin plant names garowaga and girambula meaning ‘something that moves around’. The contemporary meaning of the compositum obieżyświat appeared only in the second half of the 19 th century.
PL
Artykuł traktuje o pochodzeniu dwóch powszechnie używanych we współczesnej polszczyźnie nazw psianki podłużnej (Solanum melongena): „bakłażan” i „oberżyna”. Szczegółowe zbadanie historii obydwu określeń w szeroko zarysowanym kontekście innych języków europejskich pozwala wyjaśnić, dlaczego są one synonimiczne.
EN
The article deals with the origin of two names of the eggplant (Solanum melongena), commonly used in contemporary Polish: "bakłażan" and "oberżyna". A detailed study of the history of both terms in the wider context of other European languages allows for the explanation as to why they are synonymous.
EN
The text concerns the spread of the preposition na in contemporary Polish. In the broadly understood function of expressing spatial relations, it displaces other prepositions, such as w and even przy and pod. The authors try to find out the reasons for this expansion by analyzing exemplary prepositional phrases concerning static spatial relations and taking into account contemporary Internet and corpus data, as well as confronting them with previous materials and normative recommendations.
PL
Tekst dotyczy szerzenia się przyimka na we współczesnej polszczyźnie. W szeroko pojętej funkcji wyrażania stosunków przestrzennych wypiera on inne przyimki, takie jak w, a nawet przy i pod. Autorki próbują dociec przyczyn tej ekspansji, analizując przykładowe wyrażenia przyimkowe dotyczące statycznych relacji przestrzennych oraz biorąc pod uwagę współczesne dane internetowe i korpusowe, a także konfrontując je z materiałami wcześniejszymi i zaleceniami normatywnymi.
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