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EN
The aim of the article is to present the importance of social security in the modern world and show its role in shaping national security of the Republic of Poland. This publication also shows current as well as potential social and psychosocial threats. Having analyzed statistics from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the author focused on the identification of social dangers as well as their impact on the security of the state. Moreover, the most important challenges that Poland is facing in order to ensure existential foundations of the nation have been outlined. The author pays attention to the significance of social threats for the security of the state level pointing out possible consequences for the country that they may cause.
EN
The article draws attention to the necessity of population protection in Poland due to competence disputes between crisis management, civil defence and rescue. The author shows the need to conduct the protection of population in Poland and justifies the necessity of research in this area in the face of planned changes in the functioning of population protection systems. The implementation of the research concept described in the article could be a valuable source of information concerning the direction of reconstruction of population protection in Poland.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli organizacji pozarządowych w systemie zarządzania kryzysowego Rzeczypospolitej Polski. W publikacji przybliżono funkcjonowanie trzeciego sektora oraz możliwości wykorzystania organizacji społecznych na rzecz bezpieczeństwa państwa. W opracowaniu dokonano analizy dotychczasowej działalności organizacji pozarządowych, skupiając się w głównej mierze na Ochotniczej Straży Pożarnej, Górskim Ochotniczym Pogotowi Ratunkowym, Tatrzańskim Ochotniczym Pogotowiu Ratunkowym oraz Wodnym Ochotniczym Pogo-towiu Ratunkowym. Autor zwrócił również uwagę na zmianę przepisów prawnych znoszących wyłączność działania GOPR, TOPR i WOPR w swoim obrębie działań.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the crisis management system in the Republic of Poland. The author describes the functioning of the third sector and the possibilities to engage social organizations in the security of the state. Then he analyses of the NGOs current activities focusing mainly on the Voluntary Fire Service, Mountain Voluntary Rescue Service (GOPR), Tatras Voluntary Rescue Service (TOPR) and Water Voluntary Rescue Service (WOPR). Finally, the author focuses on the change of le-gal regulations abolishing the exclusiveness of GOPR, TOPR and WOPR operations in their areas of responsibility.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the functioning of ecological monitoring over the Polish areas of the Baltic Sea and legal foundations necessary to conduct this task properly. The publication also includes activities of institutions and services performing ecological monitoring tasks. Moreover, the author paid attention to the need for carrying our research into pollution detection in order to increase ecological security of the ma- rine areas of the Republic of Poland.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi kontynuację artykułu na temat działalności obrony cywilnej w gminie Gozdowo. Podstawy teoretyczne, a także charakterystyka terenu badań została przedstawiona w części pierwszej. Celem badawczym, jaki założono podczas realizacji badań była diagnoza systemu obrony cywilnej. Analiza ma za zadanie przedstawić jak rzeczywiście funkcjonuje OC na przykładzie położonej w województwie mazowieckim gminy Gozdowo.
EN
This article is the continuation of an article on civil defence activities in Gozdowo commune. Theoretical bases and terrain characteristics of the research were presented in Part 1. The research aim assumed during the research was to diagnose the civil defence system. This analysis is to pre-sent how civil defence actually functions on the example of Gozdowo commune situated in the Mazovia province.
EN
Civil defence (CD) is one of the elements of the defence system of the state. Tasks which are the CD foundation have key importance for society. Currently, however, the CD significance is clearly decreasing as it has been shown in the Supreme Audit Office’s report of 2012 concerning the prepa-ration of civil defence structures to perform tasks during war and peace-time. Moreover, the report points out that this system is ineffective as it is a defunct body, existing only formally in spite of crucial tasks assigned in CD activities. This paper features the civil defence evaluation in Gozdowo commune, located in Mazovia province. The first part deals with conditions of CD func-tioning in Gozdowo commune. The second part, to be published in the next issue of ZN Obronność, contains the description of quantitative research results.
EN
The paper presents the competences of the EU related to its activity for the security of civilians from the EU member states. The main tool for this is the Community Civil Protection Mechanism, which makes it possible to support rescue operations conducted by the country that has been affected by a natural or technical disaster. The author also observes that there is lack of regulation by law that would provide EU member states with help related to population protection in case of an armed conflict. Furthermore, the paper discusses the relations between the security policy of the EU and its member states.
EN
The paper discusses the civil security system of the Kingdom of Norway, which, like Poland, needs a reform of its civil protection. The system was modernized after the events on the island of Utøya on 22 Jul 2011, where69 people were killed as a result of a terrorist attack. This dramatic event showed the ineffectiveness of the system and accelerated the implementation of the change. In addition, the author presents the determinants of Norway's crisis and war risks in the context of the current form of its civil security system.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano system bezpieczeństwa cywilnego Szwecji. Niniejszy system w opinii wielu ekspertów stanowi współcześnie wzorowy model rozwiązań odpowiadających za ochronę ludności. Autor swoją analizę rozpoczął od uwarunkowań zagrożeń kryzysowych i wojennych Szwecji na podstawie, których stworzony został system. Ważną rolę w realizacji zadań ochrony ludności wykonują także organizacje pozarządowe oraz przedsiębiorcy. Ponadto przedstaione zostały obywatelskie obowiązki Szwedów realizowane na rzecz bezpieczeństwa. Autor wyrażą nadziej e, i z niniejszy artykuł wzbogaci obszar wiedzy w przedmiotowym zakresie na temat roli systemu ochrony ludności wobec współczesnych zagrożeń. W Polsce na przestrzeni ostatnich lat trwały prace nad reformą ochrony ludności. W obliczu planowanych zmian, szwedzkie rozwiązania z dziedziny bezpieczeństwa cywilnego stanowić mogą źródła cennych doświadczeń podczas tworzenia nowej koncepcji ochrony ludności w kraju.
EN
This article presents the civil security system of Sweden. This system, in the opinion of many experts, is an exemplary model of a modern solution civil protection system. The author of his analysis began with the determinants of the crisis and war risks of Sweden on the basis of which the system was created. Non-governmental organizations and entrepreneurs also play an important role in the implementation of civil protection tasks. In addition, the Swedish citizens security obligations have been presented. The author hopes that this article will enrich the area of expertise in the subject matter on the role of civil protection systems in contemporary threats. In recent years in Poland, the sustainability of work on the reform of protection of population. In view of the planned changes in Poland to Swedish civil security solutions, can be used during creation in the civil protection concept.
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