The article is a preliminary presentation of the project “Inventory of selected relics of the Battle of Warsaw 1920”, commissioned by the Masovian Monuments Preservation Officer and carried out in 2020 – the centenary of the battle, known also as the “Miracle on the Vistula”. The research was carried out by the Hereditas Foundation in cooperation with the Forest Research Institute and the Historical and Educational Association of 7th Regiment of Vistula Lancers in Halinów. This initiative was an interdisciplinary undertaking based, among others, on the cooperation of a team of specialists in the fields of archaeology, history, geography, remote sensing and geoinformatics, as well as forestry. The main discussion in the article focuses on introductory issues concerning the archaeology of the Battle of Warsaw - archaeological research, concentrating mainly on non-intrusive and inventory activities. At the same time, the article contributes to the discussion about, among others, the definition, recognition and protection of battlefield relics – the so-called large-scale archaeological sites. The publication presents selected research results (numerous identified relics of armed conflicts – mainly field fortifications – from the area of the Warsaw Bridgehead, primarily from World War I and II, as well as from the Polish-Bolshevik war). The text also discusses basic elements of the research methodology, based (mainly) on GIS tools and data sourced from the Information System of National Protection Against Extraordinary Risks (ISOK) – obtained during airborne laser scanning. The key element of the project, and at the same time one of the results of the research, is a data set (prepared for heritage services or specific land managers) in the form of a spatial information system known as “H/A-GIS Bitwa Warszawska 1920”.
Das Ziel des Aufsatzes ist ein Versuch der Interpretation von ausgewählten Aspekten der frühmittelalterlichen Kultur - des Raums, Kulturraums und Kulturgestaltung der Beteiligung an der vergangenen Wirklichkeit. Diese Skizze ist eine Vordarstellung der Ergebnisse von Computeranalysen (Sichtbarkeitsanalysen - viewshed analisys) im Rahmen des so genannten Systems der Geographischen/Archäologischen Information. Die Überlegungen wurden in Bezug auf das arbiträr bestimmte Gebiet Ostrów Lednicki (16 km/15 km) und gewählte archäologische Fundstellen (Versuchsfundstellen) aus dem Frühmittelalter: Dziećmiarki 13, Dziekanowice 21, Gołuń 4, Gołuń 5, Gołuń 8, Gołuń 29, Imielno 1, Imiołki 20, Kamionek 5, Kocanowo 3, Kocanowo 10, Kocanowo 18, Kocanowo 35, Lednogóra 33, Łubowo 13, Moraczewo 1, Moraczewo 3, Ostrów Lednicki 1, Owieczki 11, Owieczki 16, Polska Wieś 27, Polska Wieś 38, Pomarzanowice 5, Rybitwy 3а - „die westliche Brücke”, Rybitwy 3b - „die östliche Brücke”, Rybitwy 11, Rybitwy 12, Skrzetuszewo 3, Sławno 17, Waliszewo 10, Węglewo 41 durchgefuhrt. Der Aufsatz knüpft an die Interpretationsvorschläge der so genannten Landschaftsarchäologie (landscape archaeology - phenomenological approach, social and symbolical approach, new form of landscape archaeology) an. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wurde die Strömung landscape archaeology hinsichtlich der Hauptvoraussetzungen charakterisiert. Auf Grund des Vorschlages von landscape archaeology konstruiert der Verfasser im weiteren Teil die Idee der hinsichtlich der Kultur gestalteten, sinnlich-körperlichen Form des wirkenden Subjekts, die eine Grundlage für die Interpretation von Problemen der frühmittelalterlichen Kultur und zugleich das Produkt der betreffenden Kultur ist. Die Skizze enthält auch eine kurze Darstellung und Charakteristik der eingesetzten Systeme der Geographischen/Archäologischen Information Sichtbarkeitsanalysen (viewshed analysis), die die Durchführung der Analysen und Erhalt der Ergebnisse ermöglicht haben. Der Schlussteil ist ein Interpretationsversuch der Bedeutung des „Raums“ und der hinsichtlich der Kultur gestalteten Beteiligung an der Welt aus der Perspektive der „Verlagerung“ und der Wahrnehmung der sinnlichen Erfahrung. Diese Präsentation ist nur eine Vordarstellung der theoretischen Perspektive sowie der eingesetzten Methoden und Interpretation der Ergebnisse im Rahmen eines breiteren Projekts, das sich unter anderen auf das Gebiet von Ostrów Lednicki bezieht.
Artykuł przedstawia wybrane zagadnienia związane z prezentacją i eksponowaniem zabytkowej architektury za pośrednictwem nowych mediów i technik cyfrowych. Tekst skupia się na problematyce autentyzmu zabytków oraz przestrzeni historycznej i współczesnej – pojmowanych jako palimpsest. Autentyzm, jako istotny element wartościowania zabytków, traktowany jest jako znaczący element podczas tworzenia cyfrowych odwzorowań i rekonstrukcji zabytków. Prezentacja dziedzictwa kulturowego, wspierająca się rzeczywistością wirtualną, a także rozszerzoną rzeczywistością (augmentacją), ukazana jest jako czasowe, nieinwazyjne i alternatywne rozwiązanie w eksponowaniu m.in. zróżnicowanych stylistycznie obiektów. Tytułowe technologie są również postrzegane jako sposób „uzupełniania” zmienionych lub nieistniejących już elementów obiektów oraz przestrzeni. Taka forma wpisywania cyfrowych obiektów do rzeczywistości tworzy specyficzny palimpsest – czasowe nakładanie cyfrowych obiektów – kształtując jednocześnie nowe relacje, interakcje z obiektami, jak i nową formę obcowania z dziedzictwem kulturowym. Tytułowe zagadnienia poddane są krytycznej analizie, która pozwala ukazać słabe strony zjawiska prezentacji „cyfrowych” obiektów zabytkowych, a także określić potencjał nowych technologii i postulaty badawcze.
EN
The article presents chosen aspects connected with presenting and exhibiting historic architecture with the use of new media and digital techniques. Focus is given to the problem of authenticity of heritage structures and to the palimpsest of historical and modern spaces. Authenticity, as an important element for the appraisal of heritage structures, is treated and an important issue while creating digital presentations and reconstructions of historic objects and structures. Presentation of cultural heritage, which bases upon virtual and augmented reality, is perceived to be a temporary, noninvasive and alternative solution for exhibiting, for example, stylistically complex objects. The technologies mentioned in the title are also perceived as a way to “complement” changed or no longer existent objects and landscapes, or their elements. This method of introducing digital objects into reality creates a characteristic palimpsest – a temporary overlap of digital objects. At the same time, it evokes new relations, new interactions with objects, as well as a new form of contact with cultural heritage. In the article, the main topics are subject to a critical analysis, which allows to show the disadvantages of presenting “digital” historic objects of structures, as well as to pinpoint the potential of new technologies and to pose further research questions.
The paper is meant as a springboard for a discussion on the issue of archaeological finds in forested areas, with regard to the situation in Poland. Firstly, the issue of identifying cultural heritage in forested areas will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on the role and significance of the latest non-invasive technologies, especially laser scanning (LiDAR). Another element of the paper is the issue of protecting cultural and environmental heritage, therefore, the issue requiring an interdisciplinary approach, the necessity to work out optimal solutions, at the same time recognising the two aforementioned groups of historic objects that require integrated activities, as well as large-scale and long-term strategies. Examples of current activity will be presented by referring to the work that is being / has been realised, using the experience gained from scientific projects or institutional activities in Poland. The paper is directed towards “preventive activities to save archaeological objects in forested areas” and answering the question – how to effectively and optimally identify, examine, protect, manage and present historic heritage in forested areas. The paper fits in with tasks related to “Inventorying cultural heritage“, which are carried out within the assignment commissioned by the State Treasury – the State Forests National Forest Holding - General Forest Management.
The article is a presentation of selected issues related to a concept of studying cultural (archaeological) heritage in forest areas and in the Białowieża forest as well as a presentation of general information related to the project entitled “Cataloguing of Cultural Heritage”, conducted since 2016 as part of the initiative entitled “Evaluation of Biodiversity Status in the Białowieża Forest on the basis of Selected Natural and Cultural Components”. The fundamental objectives of the article include (1) discussion of selected issues related to the application of ALS to studying cultural heritage in the Polish part of the Białowieża forest as well as (2) participation in a discussion on certain methodological issues as regards the application of ALS in the protection of archaeological finds in forest areas. The research is funded by the General Directorate of State Forests.
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