The author considers the problem of the dating of bronze coins issued in the name of the famous Persian grandee, Tissaphernes, satrap of Lydia and Caria and karanos between the years 413-407 and 400-395 BC. Three issues of such coins are known, which are different in iconography, form, legend and metrology. They are traditionally dated to c. 400-395 BC. However, in the author’s opinion, in the light of recent discoveries and assessment concerning the launching of bronze coin production in western Asia Minor, it is possible that the dating ought to be moved to the first period of Tissaphernes in the office of karanos, i.e. to c. 413-407 BC.
Niniejszy artykuł jest krótką i bardzo wstępną informacją na temat monet hellenistycznych odkrytych podczas prac wykopaliskowych prowadzonych przez archeologów z Instytutu Archeologii UJ na agorze starożytnego Nea Pafos w latach 2011–2019. Pierwsze badania archeologiczne agory przeprowadził na przełomie lat 60. i 70. XX w. Kyriakos Nicolaou. Zespół archeologów z Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod kierownictwem Ewdoksji Papuci-Władyka rozpoczął eksplorację terenu agory w 2011 r. Podczas polskich wykopalisk znaleziono co najmniej 480 monet i krążków monetarnych. Znaczna część z nich (co najmniej 180 egzemplarzy) została wybita w okresie hellenistycznym. W skład tej grupy wchodzą głównie monety ptolemejskie (ponad 67%), ale także bite na Cyprze brązy typu Zeus/Zeus (20,5%), monety z regionu syro-palestyńskiego (Seleucydzi, Judea – ponad 6%), monety macedońsko-antygonidzkie (3,8%), monety z południowo-wschodniej części basenu Morza Egejskiego i Azji Mniejszej (1,6%) jak i inne. W artykule przedstawiono wstępne obserwacje dotyczące chronologii i struktury znalezisk.
EN
The present article is a short and very preliminary report about the Hellenistic coins found during excavations conducted by the team of the Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University at the agora of the ancient Nea Paphos in 2011–2019. The first archaeological research at the agora had been conducted in the late 1960s and 1970s by Kyriakos Nicolaou. The Jagiellonian University team, led by Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka started to explore the agora area in 2011. There were at least 480 coins and coin flans found during the Polish excavations. Great part of them are minted in the Hellenistic Period. The group consists mainly of Ptolemaic coins (over 67%), but includes also Cypriot bronzes of the Zeus/Zeus type (20.5%), coins of Syro-Palestinian region (Seleucid, Hasmonean rulers – over 6%), Macedonian-Antigonid issues (3.8%), the coins from south-eastern Aegean and Asia Minor (1.6%) as well as others. Some preliminary observations concerning chronology and structure of the finds are presented.
A cast bronze coin belonging to the 2nd series of the Olbian “asses,” dated to the second half of the 5th century BC, is included in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum. The coin was probably added to the university collection in 1871, as a gift of Baron Edward Rastawiecki (1805–1874) for the archaeological unit. According to the donor, the “as” was found during the excavation of a barrow in the village of Ostrohladovich in Minsk province – currently Astrahlady/Astrahliady/Ostrogliade (Belarusian Астрагля́ды, Russian Острогляды) in Belarus in the Gomel region, in the Brahin district. In the first millennium BC this area was occupied by the Miłograd culture. Finds of coins produced in Olbia, in particular the Olbian “asses,” have not been recorded outside the Black Sea region until recently. In recent years, however, finds of early Olbian coins (known as “dolphins” and “asses”) have been recorded in the forest-steppe zone. These new discoveries give credence to the finding of the “as” from Ostrohladovich. The coin arrived in the area of the Miłograd culture probably via the Scythians.
In 2007, a Polish-Ukrainian expedition operating within the framework of the Koshary Project conducted the tenth season of excavations on the complex of sites in Koshary. Within the trenches III and VII exploration of layers and features (mainly storage pits) discovered in 2006 was continued. Field works conducted in this part of the site allowed to reveal the eastern border of the fortified town. Outside it the remains of “suburb” are located, which were the subject of investigations during the campaigns 2003-2005. Trench VIII provided some new informations. Relics of town’s fortifications were uncovered here in the form of stone wall and ditch. The wall itself had not been preserved, but its trace, left after the dismantling of presumably regular blocks cut from limestone. The ditch laid at a distance of 10 m away from the face of the wall and might have served as a moat. Both the wall and ditch ran in the southeasterly direction, toward the edge of the liman. Future explorations should determine the extent of destruction suffered by the eastern part of the settlement due to the collapse of the promontory edge in this area. As a result of investigations made up to 2007 (both archaeological excavations and geophysical prospection), it may be assumed that the main part of the “town”, encompassing the architectural relics uncovered in trenches III, IV (explored in 1998–2002) and VII was situated in the northeastern part of the promontory, on naturally elevated ground. It was walled off from the northwest, west and south by a defence wall with a system of ditches. This then would have been the fortified town, the space inside the walls packed with houses built of stone and dried brick. The evidence now favours the existence of an open settlement outside the fortified enclosure – a “suburb”, comprising scattered, isolated homesteads, such as Farm 1 discovered in trench VI (2003-2005).
The aim of the article is to publish and discuss the late Roman solidus of Theodosius II (408-450), found in 2018 in the vicinity of the village of Prełuki, Komańcza commune, Sanok County. The coin was found randomly by treasure hunters, eventually recovered and donated to the Historical Museum of Sanok by Robert Fedyk. It is the second find of a late Roman solidus in the Upper San River basin. Several years ago a solidus of Valentinian III (425-455) had been found in Prusiek, Sanok County. Both coins belong to the early Migration Period finds horizon in this area. This consists of few bronze buckles, a sword, and fragments of a Hunnic cauldron finds. In all likelihood, the solidi found their way into the Upper San River basin as a consequence of the Hunnic-Germanic relations. They should be also treated as a part of the latest wave of Roman coins arriving in the present Lesser Poland area in the 5th century AD.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest podsumowanie aktualnego stanu badań na temat napływu monet prowincjonalnych zarejestrowanych na obszarze historycznej Małopolski. Pod pojęciem „mennictwa prowincjonalnego” rozumiane są tutaj zarówno monety prowincjonalne bite w mennicach produkujących monety na użytek danej prowincji, jak i tzw. monety pseudoautonomiczne i autonomiczne bite w mennicach lokalnych. W niniejszym tekście uwzględnione zostały monety produkowane w mennicach zlokalizowanych we wschodniej części Cesarstwa Rzymskiego poczynając od Dacji i Mezji, i położonych dalej na Wschód i Południe aż po prowincje w Azji Mniejszej, Syrię i Egipt, jak również monety bite przez władców Królestwa Bosporańskiego. Ramy chronologiczne niniejszych rozważań wyznaczają końcowe dziesięciolecia Republiki / początek Cesarstwa oraz reforma Dioklecjana (294 r. n.e.). Pod uwagę zostały wzięte przede wszystkim znaleziska monet brązowych i tzw. bilonowych. Jedynie krótki akapit poświęcony został monecie srebrnej.
EN
The aim of the present article is to summarize a current state of research on the problem of inflow of Roman provincial coins into Lesser Poland in antiquity. The term “provincial coinage” as used here refers to coins from the mints producing coinages for the purpose of provincial circulation, as well as to the so-called pseudo-autonomous and autonomous coinages struck by various local mints. We consider coins produced in mints located in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire, beginning from Dacia and Moesia, and farther east and south to the provinces of Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt as well as these struck by the rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom. The chronological scope of this presentation is defined by the final decades of the Roman Republic/the beginning of the Roman Empire and the Diocletian’s reform (AD 294). We shall concentrate on the relevant finds of bronze coinage and the so-called billon coins. Only one brief paragraph is devoted to silver issues.
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