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Regionalne zróżnicowanie stóp zwrotu z wykształcenia w Europie

100%
Roszkowska S.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. XCIII (93)
289-299
EN
The main aim of the paper is estimation of the Mincer equation parameters for European countries. The Mincer equation describes the impact of years of schooling and the work experience to the wages. The estimates of that equation were obtained using cross-section data for selected European in 2002 and 2010. Obtained results show huge differences returns to education in European countries. It seems that countries with better labor market outcomes can be characterized by lower rates to education. The variation of estimated rates stayed unchanged in analyzed period.
2
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Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania migracji międzywojewódzkich w Polsce

100%
Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2009
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vol. 231
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issue 4
55-74
EN
The article examines the economic determinants of interregional migrations in Poland in 1995-2006. The author describes selected theoretical issues linked with the process and analyzes the influence of economic factors on interregional migration flows. Roszkowska evaluates the influence of selected macroeconomic variables on interregional migration flows using gravity models and data such as GDP per capita, labor productivity, unemployment, and the level of urbanization in individual provinces in Poland in 1995-2006. The analysis enabled the author to identify the most popular destinations for migration. These are chiefly provinces with a relatively well-developed infrastructure, a modern labor force structure by sector, and high economic development indicators. Outlying and poor provinces are the least popular destinations as far as migration is concerned, Roszkowska says. She concludes that the economic development of individual provinces-measured with indicators such as GDP per capita, the situation on regional labor markets, including differences in pay and unemployment rates, and the size of urban centers-has a statistically significant impact on interregional migration flows in Poland.
3
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Inwestycje a wzrost gospodarczy w krajach OECD

100%
Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2004
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vol. 195
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issue 10
1-21
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse the impact of tangible capital formation on the process of economic growth in the OECD countries in 1985-2002. The Author makes a reference to theoretical models of economic growth, which allow for quantification of the relationship between the investment ratio and the economic growth rate. Next, results of empirical research conducted so far into the relationships between investment and economic growth are presented. Nevertheless, the analyses show that the relationship between the abovementioned macroeconomic variables is not unequivocal. The following parts of the article present statistical and econometric instruments, which allow to determine the strength and nature of the capital formation impact on economic growth process. The main conclusion from the analyses is the positive and statistically relevant impact of investment on economic growth of OECD economies in the medium and long term.
4
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Konwergencja warunkowa w krajach transformacji

63%
Rogut A., Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2006
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vol. 210
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issue 9
35-55
EN
The authors set out to determine if the convergence theory passes the test in 25 transition economies. On the basis of statistical data for the years 1991-2004, using an econometric model, they analyze the influence of GDP per employee on the growth of labor productivity. They also consider other factors with an influence on sustainable economic growth. Considering the significant heterogeneity of the analyzed economies in terms of market reforms and institutional conditions, the authors divided the sample into three relatively homogenous groups: 10 new European Union member states excluding Cyprus and Malta; 12 CIS countries; and five Southern and Eastern European economies. The authors evaluated conditional convergence in individual groups of economies, concluding that economies with lower GDP per employee at the start of transition were characterized by a higher rate of growth for most of the analyzed period. GDP per employee primarily depended on investment in physical and human capital, the share of government spending in GDP and inflation. Moreover, the analysis showed that convergence processes in individual countries led to converging long-term economic growth rates, which were positive rather than neutral, contrary to the classic convergence theory.
5
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Wages, Prices and Unemployment in Poland

63%
Roszkowska S., Rogut A.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2010
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vol. 241
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issue 7-8
21-43
EN
The paper aims to analyze long-run relationships between labor market trends, wages, prices, interest rates and the exchange rate in Poland. We use a research approach known as cointegrated VAR analysis, which makes it possible to identify long-run tendencies and common stochastic trends as well as estimate the adjustment dynamics of the system (the pulling and pushing forces). The results show that we can find stable long-run cointegration relationships between the unemployment rate, wages and prices. We can confirm our two main research hypotheses formulated on the basis of theoretical formulations. First of all, increasing product market competition seems to be the main driving force behind the convergence of the Polish economy with more advanced European economies during the analyzed period. Second, we can confirm that the Polish inflation rate has adapted to the European purchasing power parity level over the long run, and we can also confirm a kind of Balassa-Samuelson effect on consumer prices.
6
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Szacunki kwartalnego PKB w polskich województwach

63%
Pipień M., Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2015
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vol. 279
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issue 5
145-169
EN
The paper uses a linear regression model to examine the temporal and spatial disaggregation of Poland’s gross domestic product. The authors develop an approach based on estimating the structural parameters of linear regression in which annual regional GDP and its growth rate are used as dependent variables and annual national GDP and its changes play the role of explanatory variables. Pipień and Roszkowska estimate quarterly regional GDP and its changes as functions of the regression parameters. They compare alternative approaches with respect to the level of statistical uncertainty associated with the estimates. The sample covers the 1995-2012 period and the results obtained offer precise estimates of the rate of change in regional GDP, the authors say. Their research shows that regional differences in GDP growth are relatively small.
PL
Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie zastosowania modelu regresji liniowej w problemie czasowej i przestrzennej dezagregacji PKB polskiej gospodarki. W opisywanym podejściu przedmiotem estymacji są parametry strukturalne regresji liniowej, w której roczne PKB województw lub jego tempo zmian stanowią zmienną objaśnianą, zaś roczne PKB krajowe lub jego tempo zmian odgrywa rolę zmiennej objaśniającej. Proponuje się, aby kwartalne PKB i jego zmiany szacować dla poszczególnych województw jako funkcje parametrów regresji. Proponowane alternatywne podejścia poddano ocenie ze względu na poziom niepewności statystycznej związanej z estymacją oraz ze względu na poziom przestrzennego zróżnicowania oszacowanych wartości. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki szacunków PKB i jego zmian w województwach w okresie 1995–2012, otrzymane na podstawie zaproponowanej dwustopniowej procedury. Uzyskane wyniki szacunków poziomów PKB charakteryzują się dużą precyzją oszacowań, ale regionalne zróżnicowanie stóp wzrostu PKB otrzymanych na podstawie tego podejścia jest niewielkie. Z kolei wykorzystanie w regresji wartości tempa zmian PKB powodowało większe zróżnicowanie stóp wzrostu PKB według województw, ale błędy szacunków były większe.
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Rozkład płac i kapitału ludzkiego w Polsce

63%
Roszkowska S., Rogut A.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2007
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vol. 220
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issue 11-12
55-84
EN
The paper analyzes the relationship between the skills and earnings of Polish employees. The starting point for the discussion is an earnings equation proposed by Mincer (J. Mincer, Schooling, Experience and Earnings, 1974) as well as its modified form that takes into account a nonlinear relationship between the level of education and wages. The analysis is designed to examine income disparities in Poland, in particular to show the differences among individual professional groups. The authors evaluate the influence of the level of education and professional experience of individuals on income disparities. Finally, they show differences in pay between men and women. Econometric analyses carried out by the authors confirm that education and professional experience have a statistically significant influence on employees’ pay. The general rule is that employees with a higher education earn more. Moreover, differences in earnings in individual professional groups grow with the level of education. Another significant factor is an employee’s professional experience. People with more than 20 years of work experience earn 5-8 percent above the average, while the earnings of individuals who have less than a year of work experience are around 30 percent below the average. Statistical analyses made in the study point to a linear relationship between the level of education and pay and a nonlinear relationship between professional experience and earnings. The analyses also confirm the existence of major differences in pay between men and women. Women’s earnings were lower in both analyzed periods. Moreover, the influence of individual factors on the level of wages is different for men and women.
8
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Rozwój i zróżnicowanie regionalne szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce

63%
Kwiatkowski E., Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2008
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vol. 223
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issue 4
1-20
EN
The paper examines the “educational potential” of Poland’s university-level schools. The authors analyze the main trends in the education system’s development and identify regional differences in this area. The starting point for the analysis are the theories of human capital and endogenous growth. They highlight the importance of human capital investments in the education system and their role in the country’s economic growth. The authors build taxonomic indicators to describe the condition and prospects of college education in individual regions. Analyses made as part of the research project show that Poland’s higher education system underwent some significant changes during the country’s transition from central planning to a market economy. There are also major differences between public and private universities in their educational strategies. Public colleges often use different standards of education, while private schools rarely develop cost-intensive programs. Poland’s higher education system is strongly diversified regionally. Taxonomic analyses confirm that there are major differences in educational opportunities in individual regions. Mazovia and Western Pomerania provinces led the way in this area in 1999-2005, while regions such as Opole, Warmia-Mazuria, Lubuskie, Podkarpacie, and Kujawy-Pomerania lagged behind.
9
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Czy PIT komunalny może ograniczyć rozlewanie się miast?

63%
Neneman J., Roszkowska S.
Studia BAS
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2021
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issue 1(65)
171-201
EN
The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to re-energize discussion on local personal tax, and second, to show how such a tax could curb urban sprawl. The authors start with a short description of the communal tax and its potential links to urban sprawl. In the current system of communities’ financing in Poland, suburban municipalities have a significant incentive to increase the number of inhabitants as the PIT revenues follow their inflow. The authors propose and discuss a simple variant of local PIT called Self-government Tax Rate which is a flat tax on a broadly defined tax base. Contrary to the present system of Polish local government units’ share in progressive PIT, this system is linear, which reduces the gains in PIT revenues from taxpayers in the second tax bracket moving to suburbia. This is the first paper in the relevant literature that investigates the links between communal tax and urban sprawl.
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Pomiar i determinanty kapitału kreatywnego w Europie

63%
Bąk J., Roszkowska S.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2021
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vol. 66
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issue 9
1-16
EN
One of the important factors influencing the development and competitiveness of economies is creative capital. It differs significantly among European countries, which has an influence on income and quality of life. The aim of the research discussed in this article is to determine the level of creative capital in Europe and to identify its determinants. The starting point of the analysis is the 3T theory (talent, technology, tolerance), formulated by Richard Florida, and the concept of a creativity index, which derives from the theory. The concept does not define creative capital precisely, therefore, this article proposes its measures based on statistical data obtained from Eurostat and a synthetic measure of creative capital. Data relating to European countries and covering the period of 2011–2018 were used. Moreover, an attempt was made to determine the level of creative capital by means of socio-economic factors (e.g. the number of people working in creative professions, the structure of the population by age and income, and expenditure on culture). Empirical analyses indicate significant differences in the level of creative capital in Europe. This is mainly influenced by the level of the wealth of economies and the number of people working in creative occupations, while cultural expenditure is less important for the development of creative capital.
PL
Kapitał kreatywny to jeden z istotnych czynników wpływających na rozwój i konkurencyjność gospodarek. Jest on znacząco zróżnicowany między krajami Europy, co przekłada się na dochody i jakość życia. Celem badania omawianego w artykule jest ustalenie poziomu kapitału kreatywnego w Europie oraz określenie jego determinant. Punktem wyjścia prowadzonych analiz jest teoria 3T (talent, technologia, tolerancja), sformułowana przez Richarda Floridę, i wywiedziona z niej koncepcja indeksu kreatywności. Koncepcja ta nie definiuje precyzyjnie kapitału kreatywnego, dlatego w niniejszym artykule zaproponowano jego mierniki opierające się na danych statystycznych gromadzonych przez Eurostat, a także miarę syntetyczną kapitału kreatywnego. Wykorzystano dane dotyczące krajów europejskich za lata 2011–2018. Podjęto także próbę ustalenia poziomu kapitału kreatywnego za pomocą czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych (m.in. liczby pracujących w zawodach kreatywnych, struktury ludności według wieku oraz dochodu i wydatków przeznaczanych na kulturę). Analizy empiryczne wskazują na znaczące różnice w poziomie kapitału kreatywnego w Europie. Wpływają na to przede wszystkim poziom zamożności gospodarek i liczba pracujących w zawodach kreatywnych, natomiast wydatki na kulturę mają mniejsze znaczenie dla rozwoju kapitału kreatywnego.
11
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Do Financial Sector Structure and Development Matter for the Effect of Bank Capital on Lending in Large EU Banks?

51%
Olszak M., Pipień M., Roszkowska S.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 1
167-180
PL
The paper aims at finding out what is the impact of bank capital ratios on loansupply in the EU and what factors explain the potential diversity of this impact.Applying the Blundell and Bond (1998) two step GMM estimator, we find that in thefull sample of large banks the role of capital ratio on loan growth in contractionsis relatively weak. However, if we take into account the differences in financial sector structure and development between EU countries, we find that the effectof capital ratio on lending is positive and statistically significant. Therefore, ourresults suggest that capital ratios are an important determinant of lending in thelarge EU banks in those countries where financial sector is more dominated bystock markets of is better developed. Thus, our results provide support for theview that more financially developed economies are prone to greater procyclicalimpact of capital ratios on lending of banks.
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