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1

POLISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONSHIPS IN THE POST-NOVEMBER VIEW

100%
Kozak S.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
|
2006
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1(394)
1-9
EN
The author deals with the change of Polish social-political attitude towards Ukraine. The paper presents similarities of Polish and Ukrainian history at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the unique for both the countries phenomenon of nation without a state, as well as similar tendencies in thought and literature of Romanticism. Moreover, it shows significant impact of the French Revolution, the movements and conspiratorial committees on formation of the two modern societies - Polish and Ukrainian.
2

SOME ASPECTS OF WOMEN'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN LATE 19TH-CENTURY GALICIA: A STATISTICAL SURVEY BASED ON NOTARY RECORDS

100%
Kozak S.
Studia Historyczne
|
2008
|
vol. 51
|
issue 3-4
279-298
EN
Although notary records from Galicia provide a fairly large pool of material for the study of various aspects of economic life in that province in the late 19th century, they do not offer us anything like a clear picture of women's participation in the economy. And anyway, the data which refer to the latter sphere are usually restricted to the economy of marriage and the family. The characteristically cumulative nature of notary records is best suited to quantitative analyses of individual economic decisions in the field of property transfers and capital flows (especially in the credit market). At the same time the economic activities of women are much more difficult to assess. This article presents the results of a poll-survey analysis refined with the help of statistical techniques of computerized records of the year 1881 and 1901 from the notary offices in Rzeszów, Przeworsk, and Dobromil. The picture of economic life which can be reconstructed on that basis is of course incomplete in so far as our sources cover only those aspects of entrepreneurial activity that required the official stamp to come into force. Women sought the services of the notary public less often than men, husbands or otherwise (30-40%). Nonetheless, there are good reasons to presume that some married women had a hand in their husbands' trade or business but stood back when it came to formalities. On the whole, however, economically active women must have been in the minority. Our sources suggest that the vast majority of women embraced the traditional role of wife and mother, and worked exclusively within the bounds of the household and the family. This type of lifestyle was the norm among women from the country. Against this background the cases of women who ran independent businesses appeared quite exceptional. These women usually traced their origin to the landed gentry, or, in the case of the Rzeszów sample, to the lower middle class. In most cases they were the sole owners of the business; in those cases where it was held jointly the co-owner was usually a man.
3

REORIENTATION OF POLISH THOUGHT ON UKRAINE

100%
Kozak S.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2007
|
vol. 56
|
issue 2
229-238
EN
An exploration of the premises underlying the reorientation of Polish social and political thought on Ukraine needs to take into account the decisive impact of the ideas of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic campaign and the 'Zeitgeist' of freedom, so vividly reflected in Romanticist literature and thought, conspiracy movements, and uprisings. It was after the fall of the November Uprising that the reorientation took place among Polish and Ukrainian former insurrectionists in emigration. Consequently, the issue of the Polish attitude towards Ukraine featured prominently in the manifestos of the Polish Democratic Society and the 'Human' Group (Gromada Human) as well as in the émigré press, and social and political commentaries. This was chiefly the result of renunciation of the earlier phobic attitude of the gentry combined with a general opening to Ukrainians and recognition of their aspirations and struggle for independence.
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