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1

SELF-REGULATION CAPACITY AND DECISION MAKING OF SLOVAK MANAGERS IN ROUTINE SITUATIONS AND IN SITUATIONS WITH POSSIBLE NEGATIVE OUTCOMES

100%
Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2017
|
vol. 59
|
issue 2
156 – 168
EN
The study focuses on the relationship between self-regulation and decision making of Slovak managers in work-related situations involving routine circumstances and circumstances where inappropriate decision may lead to possible serious negative consequences. 143 Slovak managers were asked to choose some work-related situation of decision making and to assess it on the scales provided (routine or not routine, with or without possible negative consequences). They were administered a Self-Regulation Scale (Schwarzer et al., 1999) and Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) (Mann et al., 1997), adapted for the assessment of current decision making behaviour. The results showed that self-regulation correlated positively with vigilant decision making and negatively with maladaptive decision making, such as buck-passing, hypervigilance, and procrastination. Moderation analysis revealed that situations with possible negative consequences weaken the relationship between self-regulation and both vigilance as well as maladaptive decision making.
2

HOPE AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LIFE SATISFACTION

100%
Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 4
309-314
EN
The paper focuses on the question whether hope mediates the effect of personality traits on life satisfaction. It is based on the assumption that the cognitive ability to perceive the possibility of reaching one's own personal goals is an important outcome of personality traits as well as a strong predictor of life satisfaction. The research sample consisted of 451 secondary school and university students in Slovakia with mean age 20.02 years. Hope Scale (Snyder, 1995), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), and NEO Five Factor Inventory (Costa, McCrae, 1992, Slovak version Ruisel, Halama, 2007) were used to measure the defined characteristics. The results showed that hope acts as a partial mediator between neuroticism, conscientiousness and life satisfaction, and a full mediator between extraversion and life satisfaction.
3
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Kompetencje w zakresie diagnozy psychologicznej nie są niezależne od kompetencji w dziedzinach szczegółowych praktyki psychologicznej

100%
Halama P.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
|
2015
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
185-191
PL
Komentarz do artykułu M. Filipiak i współpracowników podkreśla fakt, że diagnoza psychologiczna w szerszym sensie jest nieodłączną częścią zawodu psychologa niezależnie od tego, czy posługuje się on testami psychologicznymi, czy też nie. Co więcej, kompetencje w zakresie diagnozy psychologicznej nie są rzeczą niezależną od kompetencji w szczegółowych dziedzinach praktyki psychologicznej. Z tego właśnie powodu kształcenie ogólne w zakresie diagnozy psychologicznej nie jest wystarczające do nabycia kompetencji diagnostycznych; może jednak stanowić solidną podstawę dla poprawy jakości diagnozowania w dziedzinach szczegółowych psychologii.
EN
The commentary on the paper by M. Filipiak et al. emphasizes that psychological assessment in a broad sense is an inevitable part of psychologists' occupation regardless of whether or not psychological tests are used. Also, competence in the area of psychological assessment is not independent of competence in specific areas of psychological practice. This is the reason why general education in psychological assessment is not sufficient to gain assessment competence; still, it can be a solid basis for improving the quality of assessment in specific areas of psychology.
4

SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF SENSITIVITY TO INJUSTICE

63%
Zitny P., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2011
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
27-40
EN
The study analyzes the problem whether locus of control and self-esteem can explain the unique variance in predicting sensitivity to injustice not explained by personality traits and whether personality traits interact with self-esteem and locus of control when predicting sensitivity to injustice. The research was conducted on the Slovak sample of 254 undergraduate students (71 males, 183 females) - mean age 21.3 (range 17-27). Sensitivity to injustice was measured by the Sensitivity to Injustice Questionnaire. To measure self-esteem Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was used and personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI. Rotter's Internality-Externality Scale was used to measure the locus of control. The correlation analysis showed that personality traits, locus of control and self-esteem correlate with sensitivity to injustice. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the personality traits explain 30% of cognitive level of sensitivity to injustice variance. Adding locus of control and self-esteem to the predictors increased the variance explained by the model by 4%. The Big five traits explained 10% of the emotional level of sensitivity to injustice variance, locus of control and self-esteem explained additional 5%. Moreover, interaction analysis shows that internal locus of control acts as a buffer against the increase of unjust events perceived by a person with high neuroticism and antagonism.
5

MALADAPTIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS, RELIGIOSITY AND SPIRITUALITY AS PREDICTORS OF EPISTEMICALLY UNFOUNDED BELIEFS

63%
Teličák P., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2021
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
175 – 189
EN
The present research focuses on the question whether spirituality, religiosity and maladaptive personality traits, as measured by the PID-5 (antagonism, psychoticism, disinhibition, negative affectivity, detachment), predict epistemologically unfounded beliefs (conspiracies, pseudo-science and paranormal beliefs). The sample included 829 participants recruited through social networks (58% women, mean age 29.98 years). The results showed that especially psychoticism is a positive predictor of all types of epistemologically unfounded beliefs (EUB). Spirituality and religiosity predicted only paranormal beliefs with very small effect size. No interaction between psychoticism and spirituality/religiosity in prediction of EUB was found. Results confirmed that some maladaptive personality traits (especially psychoticism) can play a significant role in EUB and should be taken into account when considering sources of EUB at the individual level.
6

MEANING IN LIFE AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED STRESS AND COPING

63%
Halama P., Bakosova K.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
143-148
EN
The study focuses on the question whether the level of meaning in life acts as a moderator in the relationship between perceived stress and coping. The 204 university students in Slovakia (mean age 21.81 years) filled out the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), Life Meaningfulness Scale (Halama, 2002) and COPE (Carver et al., 1989). Cluster analysis of coping strategies identified three clusters: adaptive, avoidant and emotion-based coping. Perceived stress correlated positively with avoidant and emotion-based coping. Meaning in life was found as a moderator between perceived stress and avoidant coping but not emotion-based coping. The authors concluded that meaning in life can serve as a buffer against negative consequences of stress for the ability to cope, especially through cognitive transformation of the stress situation in the process of appraisal.
7
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Súvislosti vzťahovej väzby a manželskej spokojnosti u zosobášených párov

63%
Gallerová P., Halama P.
Psychologie a její kontexty
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
37-50
EN
Theory of attachment strongly influences exploring of close relationships in childhood and in adulthood as well. According Bowlby attachment is "lasting relationship bond characterized by need of seeking and maintaining proximity with a person in stressful situations especially (Bowbly, 2010). Hazan a Shaver (1987) applied theory of early attachment in romantic relationships of adults. Behavior of adult human in relationships is more or less predictable by style of attachment in childhood (Feeney, 1999). Brennan, Clark a Shaver (1998) created four-dimensional model of attachment which was based on Ainsworth´s theory as well. The model was formed of two dimensions - anxiety and avoidance. The authors identified four types of attachment: secure, fearful, dismissive and preoccupied style of attachment (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Satisfaction in romantic relationship can be explained as a degree in which is relationship for a human enojyable. Attachment influences satisfaction in relationship in terms of meeting need of proximity and safety (Mikulincer, Florian, Cowan, & Cowan, 2002). Several researches show that safe attachment is associated with higher satisfaction in marriage and on the other hand people with insecure style of attachment show lower degree of satisfaction in relationship (Alexandrov, Cowan, & Cowan, 2005; Treboux, Crowell, & Waters, 2004). At the same time style of attachment of the partner also influences individual a lot, satisfaction does not depend only on his own style of attachment but also on attachment of his partner (Farinelli, & McEwan, 2009). The study examined relations between the relationship attachment and marital satisfaction. The goal was to explain the relationship between the adult attachment and marital satisfaction of the individual and her/his husband/wife. The research examined relationship between adult attachment and marital satisfaction as well. Quantitative questionnaire survey: The battery consisted of four selfrepot questionnaires. The childhood attachment was measured by Attachment History Paragraphs (Granqvist & Kirkpatrick, 2004), adult attachment was measured by The Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) and satisfaction in marriage was measuredby two measures: Quality Marriage Index (Norton, 1983) and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Schumm, Bollman, & Jurich, 1997).The research sample consisted of 78 heterosexual married couple, together 156 people. The average length of marriages is 20.76 years. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires independently. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. People with a secure attachment style and their partners were most satisfied with their marriages. Our study showed relation between dismissive attachment style and low level of marital satisfaction for the individual, and for the partner of the examined one. The results of our study did not suggest any relationship between childhood attachment and marital satisfaction. The results indicate that secure attachment style is related to higher level of relationship satisfaction, in spite of stressful situation or demanding changes which are occurring in marriage. People with insecure attachment style devote a lot of effort to reinforce marital and couple relationship stability during difficult situations in relationship. Connection between marital satisfaction and childhood attachment has not been proven. The reason may be that childhood attachment is not always totally stable and it can be changed by life experience or personal characteristics of the individual. Our research confirmed that attachment is related to satisfaction in marriage. Research of relationship between attachment and factors affecting marriage is very beneficial, because new finding in this topic can help in clinical practice. Theory of attachment strongly influences exploring of close relationships in childhood and in adulthood as well. According Bowlby attachment is "lasting relationship bond characterized by need of seeking and maintaining proximity with a person in stressful situations especially (Bowbly, 2010). Hazan a Shaver (1987) applied theory of early attachment in romantic relationships of adults. Behavior of adult human in relationships is more or less predictable by style of attachment in childhood (Feeney, 1999). Brennan, Clark a Shaver (1998) created four-dimensional model of attachment which was based on Ainsworth´s theory as well. The model was formed of two dimensions - anxiety and avoidance. The authors identified four types of attachment: secure, fearful, dismissive and preoccupied style of attachment (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Satisfaction in romantic relationship can be explained as a degree in which is relationship for a human enojyable. Attachment influences satisfaction in relationship in terms of meeting need of proximity and safety (Mikulincer, Florian, Cowan, & Cowan, 2002). Several researches show that safe attachment is associated with higher satisfaction in marriage and on the other hand people with insecure style of attachment show lower degree of satisfaction in relationship (Alexandrov, Cowan, & Cowan, 2005; Treboux, Crowell, & Waters, 2004). At the same time style of attachment of the partner also influences individual a lot, satisfaction does not depend only on his own style of attachment but also on attachment of his partner (Farinelli, & McEwan, 2009). The study examined relations between the relationship attachment and marital satisfaction. The goal was to explain the relationship between the adult attachment and marital satisfaction of the individual and her/his husband/wife. The research examined relationship between adult attachment and marital satisfaction as well. Quantitative questionnaire survey: The battery consisted of four selfrepot questionnaires. The childhood attachment was measured by Attachment History Paragraphs (Granqvist & Kirkpatrick, 2004), adult attachment was measured by The Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) and satisfaction in marriage was measuredby two measures: Quality Marriage Index (Norton, 1983) and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Schumm, Bollman, & Jurich, 1997).The research sample consisted of 78 heterosexual married couple, together 156 people. The average length of marriages is 20.76 years. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires independently. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. People with a secure attachment style and their partners were most satisfied with their marriages. Our study showed relation between dismissive attachment style and low level of marital satisfaction for the individual, and for the partner of the examined one. The results of our study did not suggest any relationship between childhood attachment and marital satisfaction. The results indicate that secure attachment style is related to higher level of relationship satisfaction, in spite of stressful situation or demanding changes which are occurring in marriage. People with insecure attachment style devote a lot of effort to reinforce marital and couple relationship stability during difficult situations in relationship. Connection between marital satisfaction and childhood attachment has not been proven. The reason may be that childhood attachment is not always totally stable and it can be changed by life experience or personal characteristics of the individual. Our research confirmed that attachment is related to satisfaction in marriage. Research of relationship between attachment and factors affecting marriage is very beneficial, because new finding in this topic can help in clinical practice.
8

FURTHER VALIDATION OF SLOVAK BIG FIVE INVENTORY–2: SIX - MONTHS TEST-RETEST STABILITY AND PREDICTIVE POWER

51%
Kohút M., Kohútová V., Žitný P., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2020
|
vol. 62
|
issue 3
246 – 258
EN
The current study focuses on exploring the 6-month test-retest stability of the Slovak second version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-2) and its predictive power for subjective and psychological well-being, on value-focused behaviour and everyday behaviour. The sample consisted of 414 adult Slovak participants, who reported on their personalities using the BFI-2 on the first occasion and then again circa 6 months later, along with well-being and behaviour self-report measures focused on the past 6 months. The results showed a strong test-retest stability of the Slovak BFI-2’s domains and facets. The Slovak BFI-2 also showed the expected pattern of well-being predictions with Extraversion and Negative Emotionality domains as the strongest predictors. Furthermore, meaningful trait–behaviour links of the Slovak BFI-2 were discovered. Overall, our results contribute to the robust international knowledge base regarding stability, predictive power and ecological validity of the Big Five personality factors.
9

RELIGIOSITY AND WELL-BEING IN SLOVAK AND HUNGARIAN STUDENT SAMPLES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS

51%
Halama P., Martos T., Adamovova L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2
101-115
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between religiosity and different aspects of well-being in samples of Slovak and Hungarian university students and raises the question of whether this relationship is moderated by personality traits. Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity, Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Purpose in Life test, Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Bipolar Big Five Markers were administered to 274 Slovak and 249 Hungarian university students. The results of bi-variety comparisons showed that religiosity correlated positively with meaning in life in both samples, but higher religiosity was associated with satisfaction and happiness only in the Hungarian sample. A series of moderated regression analysis testing three-way interaction models (religiosity x personality trait x nation) showed no support for an overall moderation effect of personality traits. Only weak interactions were found for agreeableness and openness in the Slovak sample when predicting meaning in life. The authors emphasize the need to take the cultural context of the religiosity/well-being relationship into account and suggest the need for further research on the question of whether religiosity could be considered as a universal source of meaning in different cultures.
10

SLOVAK ADAPTATION OF THE BIG FIVE INVENTORY (BFI-2): PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND INITIAL VALIDATION

51%
Halama P., Kohút M., Soto C. J., John O. P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2020
|
vol. 62
|
issue 1
74 – 87
EN
The article describes the process of adaptation of the Big Five Inventory – 2 into the Slovak language and cultural context. The translation process of the Slovak BFI-2 was based on three data samples using item analysis and basic psychometric properties. The present study estimates the psychometric properties of the Slovak BFI-2 and its hierarchical structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample of 526 participants recruited through an online research panel. It also provides data on convergent-discriminant validity in relation to alternative Big Five measures (NEO-FFI, TIPI) and to standard well-being measures. The results showed good internal consistency on the domain level and somewhat lower on the facet level. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses successfully recovered the conceptual structure of the Slovak BFI-2. The BFI-2 domains and facets showed adequate convergent-discriminant validity, based on the meaningful pattern of correlations with the other Big Five measures and well-being scales. These findings suggest that the Slovak version of the BFI-2 is a reliable and valid measure of the Big Five personality traits, and is appropriate for use in Slovak and cross-cultural research.
11

TIME STABILITY OF ACQUIESCENCE AS ESTIMATED BY MANIFEST AND LATENT APPROACHES

51%
Havan P., Kohút M., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2022
|
vol. 64
|
issue 4
329 - 342
EN
Acquiescence is the consistent tendency toward a shift of responses in the direction of agreement rather than disagreement regardless of the content, and it is usually measured by manifest approach based on a deviation from the median of the response scale and by latent approach using confirmatory factor analysis. Our goal was to investigate whether acquiescence, as measured by both approaches, was stable over time. We explored the relationship of acquiescence with variables that are usually considered to be validating criteria for acquiescence. The research was conducted on a general sample of 443 Slovak adult participants, while using the BFI-2 as the tool to identify acquiescence. Data were collected twice with an interval of almost two years. The results showed that both approaches showed relative stability over time, with correlation coefficients r = .50 for the manifest and r = .55 for the latent approach. The time stability of acquiescence suggests that acquiescence is more of a participant-related than a situation-related construct. Both approaches positively correlated with counts of agreements used as validating variables. For future research, we recommend using CFA to identify acquiescence because of the low reliability of the manifest approach and counts of agreements from another time point as a validity criterion whenever possible.
12

BIG FIVE OFFERS ONLY A WEAK PREDICTION OF POLITICS, REGARDLESS OF THE APPROACH

51%
Uhrovič F., Halama P., Kohút M., Martinkovič M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2023
|
vol. 65
|
issue 3
197 - 212
EN
The present study examines the Big Five traits and socio-demographic factors as predictors of both traditional left-right and liberal-conservative positions of Slovak voters (N = 704). As shown in previous research, Open-Mindedness and Conscientiousness are significant but weak predictors of both political axes, while Agreeableness plays a surprising role in predicting left-right orientation. To overcome the limitations of traditional political axes, three latent variables of the Slovak political space were discovered by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of political preferences: sympathy towards old/new government, socially conservative parties, and a non-populist coalition. The former is significantly predicted by Open-Mind¬edness, while the latter is predicted by Conscientiousness. Overall, the Big Five traits predict a small but significant variance in political variables.
13

IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION INFORMATION ON RETIREMENT PLANNING INTENTION AND RETIREMENT CONCEPTUALIZATION

51%
Bačová V., Kohút M., Halama P.
Studia Psychologica
|
2023
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
133-153
EN
The research aim was to find out whether providing information on psychological preparation would produce changes in pre-retirees retirement planning intentions and advance retirement concepts. In the experiment, we divided the pre-retirees (N = 567, mean age of 54.91, SD = 3.55 years, working full-time) into four groups (with and without pre-test, with and without the information provided). There were no differences between the pre-test and post-test conditions. However, the results showed that participants acknowledged the need to prepare for retirement even before the intervention. The participants also rated themselves as psychologically prepared for retirement. The results also indicated which pre-retirees could benefit from psychological preparation: those who believe they would have a disadvantageous and unfavourable retirement transition. The next group is the ones who tend to conceptualize their retirement as an imposed disruption as they also perceive their psychological resources for a successful transition as insufficient.
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