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EN
The songs related to the proclamation of the word of God belong to the oldest ones in the Polish language and form a group of so-called „sermon songs”. They were helpful in the active participation in the liturgy of the Eucharist when it was celebrated in Latin. Especially in the XIX and XX centuries, the tradition of their performance, in and out of the liturgy, was very alive also in Silesia. The old Polish sources of Church songs show an extensive collection of songs intended to be sung before and after a sermon. In the actual repertory of Church songs there are more than a dozen of them. Regarding the theological content of these songs sung before the sermon are the beseeching prayers for the light of the Holy Spirit and God’s wisdom for the preacher and listeners. When they are sung after the sermon, they are a begging for God’s help for the fulfillment of the teaching. Nowadays, the importance of these songs is decreasing and this process is related to the Second Vatican Council’s liturgical reform which underlines the function of the homily and the continuity of the Liturgy of the Word. However, in these circumstances it seems to be still possible to maintain the tradition of singing and imploring the grace of the Holy Spirit.
EN
„The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” – performed usually before the Shepherd’s Mass – is a unique devotion which prepares for the immediate celebration of the Nativity of the Lord. The structure of this devotion is based partially on the Liturgy of the Hours but the texts and melodies represent a folk tradition. The eldest known version of its text is from the first part of the XIX century (handwritten Kancjonał z Ligoty from 1832). The first known music written to the text is from the second part of the XIX century (Chorał do Kancjonału ks. Janusza from 1873). There is a superficial analogy between the Catholic devotion of „The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” and a popular Protestant matins, but they are essentially different. Nevertheless in both cases they express a strong devotional tradition popular, mainly, among the Christian communities of the Cieszyn Silesia.
FR
L’invocation au Saint Esprit – Seigneur et Donneur de Vie est présente de manière particulière depuis le Moyen Âge dans l’hymne liturgique Veni Creator. Dans des recueils de prières et de chants polonais mais aussi dans des discours poétiques on retrouve de nombreuses paraphrases de cet hymne, soit les paraphrases du texte soit celles de la musique. Au début c’étaient des adaptations assez fidèles de nouveaux textes adaptés à la mélodie grégorienne, bien répandue dans la tradition des chants d’église en Pologne. Ensuite on cherchait progressivement à traiter avec un peu plus de liberté le texte latin et la mélodie du chant grégorien. Les oeuvres méritant notre attention particulière sont les élaborations mélodiques du Chant du Saint Esprit de Franciszek Karpiński appartenant à son recueil Chants Pieux de 1792 mais aussi l’introduction d’une nouvelle traduction de l’hymne avec l’incipit: Viens Esprit Créateur. Dans la nouvelle Liturgie des Heures post-conciliaire on retrouve une traduction assez fidèle de l’hymne: O, Esprit Créateur, viens! Ce texte adapté à la mélodie grégorienne est devenu une partie intégrale des recueils de chants, de rites et d’autres livres liturgiques. En Silésie il existe une tradition du chant hymnique Viens Esprit Créateur interprété lors des occasions et cérémonies différentes.
EN
In the reservoir of prayers and church songs, Psalm 51, briefly titled The Miserere Psalm or „Prayer of Repentance”, has the role of being the most important and popular penitential psalm. Among the many translations of this psalm special meaning was given by the poetic paraphrase of Franciszek Karpiński, which begins with the verse: Bądź mi litościw, Boże nieskończony („Have mercy on me, O God”). In the last two centuries many melodies were composed for this translation. The melody, published for the first time in 1878 in Kraków in the Spiewniczek of Rev. Jan Siedlecki, gained a prominent place in songbooks and in oral tradition. Since then, this melody has, with minor changes, been consistently reprinted several times up to the present. The free translation of The Miserere Psalm was also used for a few other songs of penitential character. Among them are psalm songs which in structure and melodic pattern are based on Gregorian psalm tones. The main theological value of the teaching contained in Psalm 51 consists not only in its penitential character. This Psalm also expresses a trustful prayer for forgiveness and beseeches God's help in conversion.
EN
The state of liturgical music still rises mixed feelings among those who are engaged in the celebration of the holy ceremonies. Half a century has passed since the Second Vatican Council introduced documents concerning the new shape of liturgy, also in the field of music; and a retrospective view of this issue indicates positive phenomena and examples, but at the same time exposes faults, malpractice and negligence. The present teaching of the Church in the field of liturgical music points out three important criteria which decide about the appropriate shaping of songs and chants: (1) melody united to the words, (2) care about the artistic value and (3) appropriate character and style of the work to designed for sacred action. The role of sacredness and the close connection with the liturgical action in church chant has been consistently emphasized. Songs and for liturgy must not be chosen at random; also the way of singing and perfection of performance are important. The appeal, directed to composers of sacred music, for new works pertaining in their texts to a specific topic of the day or a specific liturgical action remains always relevant.
DE
Die Verehrung der Heiligen Familie hat sich besonders nach der Einführung des Festes in die Liturgie der gesamten Kirche im Jahre 1921 ausgebreitet. Für das Fest der Heiligen Familie wurde der Sonntag in der Weihnachtsoktav gewählt. Mit ihm wollte man dem von Kriegen und Unterdrückung vielfach erschütterten Familienleben das Beispiel der Heiligen Familie von Nazareth anbieten. Das Fest sollte zur Erneuerung der Familie beitragen. In den Gesängen zu Ehren der Heiligen Familie kommt das Bitten und Flehen um deren Schutz und um Mut zur Nachahmung von Jesus, Maria und Josef deutlich zum Ausdruck. Die Analyse von entsprechenden Kirchenliedern aus dem Gesangbuch der Erzdiözese Katowice zeigt ihre weitgehende inhaltliche Übereinstimmung mit den offiziellen liturgischen Texten des Gottesdienstes und des Stundengebets zu Ehren der Hl. Familie. Die Gesänge haben einen lyrischen Charakter und führen die Gläubigen in das Häuschen von Nazareth, um ihnen das Leben in Liebe und Frieden zu zeigen. Die theologischen Leitgedanken, die in den Liedern stark betont wurden, stehen allgemein im Dienst der Familie von damals und von heute als Lehre und Weisung. Die Heilige Familie von Nazareth wird nicht als ein unerreichbares Vorbild dargestellt, sondern als eine nachahmenswerte Herausforderung hervorgehoben.
EN
The study of Polish religious songs shows the literary and musical values of selected works and also presents the authors of these works. This paper presents the achievements of three eminent poets: Władysław of Gielniow (ab. 1440–1505), Franciszek Karpiński (1741–1825) and Kazimierz Brodziński (1791–1835). Their activity in the field of popularization of church chant deserves to be particularly appreciated. Also the motives of fascination with religious chant are interesting. Sometimes this form of expression was the result of personal faith, sometimes it sprang from some additional motives or conditioning. The popularity of a particular poetic work depends to a large extend on its musical form. The religious chants of the poets mentioned above, though coming from various times and composed in various places are truly outstanding and popular, which makes them constantly present in the repertory of church songs. The fact that they were included in the latest edition of Śpiewnik kościelny (Church Songbook) by Fr. Jan Siedlecki may serve as a proof of keen acceptance and a sign of their belonging to cultural heritage.
PL
Badania nad polską pieśnią religijną wskazują na walory literacko-muzyczne wybranych utworów, jak również przybliżają sylwetki samych twórców. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze osiągnięcia trzech wybitnych poetów: Władysława z Gielniowa (ok. 1440–1505), Franciszka Karpińskiego (1741–1825) i Kazimierza Brodzińskiego (1791–1835), których działalność na polu upowszechnienia pieśni kościelnej zasługuje na szczególne uznanie. Interesujące są również same motywy fascynacji poezją pieśniową o tematyce religijnej, czasem taka forma twórczości wynikała z osobistej wiary, niekiedy też z dodatkowych pobudek czy uwarunkowań. Duże znaczenie w upowszechnieniu danego utworu poetyckiego odgrywa forma muzyczna. Pieśni religijne wspomnianych poetów z różnego czasu i miejsca powstania odznaczają się cennymi walorami i popularnością, co sprawia, że są one stale obecne w repertuarze śpiewów kościelnych. Umieszczenie ich w najnowszym wydaniu Śpiewnika kościelnego ks. Jana Siedleckiego może stanowić potwierdzenie żywej recepcji i znak trwałego dziedzictwa.
DE
Die oberschlesische geselschaftliche Musikbewegung kann man auch in den Aspekten der Orientierung der Religionskultur und der Patriotischideen betracht werden. In der be-rühmten Tradition, besonders in der sogenannten „goldener Zeit”, sich ausgezeichnet die Tätigkeit der polnischen Chöre und Blasorchester. Im Anfang der fünfziger Jahre XX. Jh. kann man in dieser Wirksamkeit eine Krise bemerken. Die Wechsel in der Staatsform, in der Politik und die Wirkungsart des Pontifikates polnischen Papstes haben einen neuen Impuls für die Belebung dieser Handlung gegeben. Besonders im letzten Jahren, die frucht-bare Tätigkeit der Chöre und Orchester in PZChiO und der schlesischen Kirchenchöre, unter dem Einfluß des Johannes Paulus II stehend, dokumentieren geworden ist.
EN
It has been largely prayer books which helped to preserve faith and Polish culture in the Upper Silesia, Poland, as they often accompanied people throughout their entire lives. A considerable number of Polish sacred songs can be found amongst the Silesian collections of prayers and chants dated from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. They were mainly chorale books with lyrics, but also music scores in the form of pipe organ accompaniments. Since the beginning of the 20th c. there were two Upper-Silesian prayer books which gained widespread popularity: Droga do nieba (Way to Heaven) and Skarbiec modlitw i pieśni (The Treasure of Prayers and Songs), published in numerous editions, including those targeted exclusively at children and youth, and at the poor-sighted readers. On the occasion of the great jubilee of 2000 the collection of sacred songs with scores was published under the title Śpiewnik archidiecezji katowickiej (The Song Book of the Katowice Archdiocese). It was completed by a collection of organ accompaniments, Chorał Śląski (The Silesian Chorale) in a similar arrangement. So as to popularise more widely the repertoires of songs, the Katowice Publishing House of Księgarnia Św. Jacka developed a project releasing a collection of sole lyrics to songs, Skarbiec pieśni kościelnych (The Treasure of Sacred Songs). All editorial attempts so far, to have been aimed at enlivening liturgical gatherings, have greatly contributed to continuing the glorious tradition of the sacred singing in Silesia.
PL
It has been largely prayer books which helped to preserve faith and Polish culture in the Upper Silesia, Poland, as they often accompanied people throughout their entire lives. A considerable number of Polish sacred songs can be found amongst the Silesian collections of prayers and chants dated from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. They were mainly chorale books with lyrics, but also music scores in the form of pipe organ accompaniments. Since the beginning of the 20th c. there were two Upper-Silesian prayer books which gained widespread popularity: Droga do nieba (Way to Heaven) and Skarbiec modlitw i pieśni (The Treasure of Prayers and Songs), published in numerous editions, including those targeted exclusively at children and youth, and at the poor-sighted readers. On the occasion of the great jubilee of 2000 the collection of sacred songs with scores was published under the title Śpiewnik archidiecezji katowickiej (The Song Book of the Katowice Archdiocese). It was completed by a collection of organ accompaniments, Chorał Śląski (The Silesian Chorale) in a similar arrangement. So as to popularise more widely the repertoires of songs, the Katowice Publishing House of Księgarnia Św. Jacka developed a project releasing a collection of sole lyrics to songs, Skarbiec pieśni kościelnych (The Treasure of Sacred Songs). All editorial attempts so far, to have been aimed at enlivening liturgical gatherings, have greatly contributed to continuing the glorious tradition of the sacred singing in Silesia.
11
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Hymnodia - teologia dźwięku

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