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1

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL SERVICES FOR ELDERLY PERSONS RESIDING IN RURAL AREAS - A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 1(126)
115-126
EN
The presented report was prepared within the research project called 'The system of old age and disability pensions for farmers and medical services for the elderly in the opinions of two generations' which was implemented by the Institute for Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2001-2003. The main aim of the conducted research was to analyse the health care situation of the older residents of rural areas. The investigation also covered the relations between the local communities' needs in respect of medical services and the possibilities of satisfying these needs, as well as the differences in access to health care and social welfare institutions of persons representing various age groups. Financial problems encountered by elderly persons in connection with the necessary expenditures on health care were also examined. The conducted research was designed to show how often the residents of rural areas use the services of private medical institutions and whether and to what an extent the financial situation of patients is a barrier blocking their access to this sector of medical services. It was also sought to identify the factors that decide about the more or less frequent use of services offered by private medical institutions and to establish whether the position of the older residents of rural areas was less favourable in this respect than that of the other members of the rural community, as well as to reveal the structure and level of expenditures on medical treatment. The indispensable information was provided by surveys of 300 households situated in the rural communes of Swietokrzyskie and Podlaskie voivodeships, which are characterised by a higher than average level of advancement of the process of the rural population's aging.
2

INVESTMENT OUTLAYS ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE BEFORE AND AFTER POLAND'S ACCESSION TO EU

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2008
|
issue 2(139)
129-143
EN
This article represents an attempt at evaluating the role of foreign financial means, chiefly those coming from the EU funds, in the generation of growth in investment outlays of local councils in 2001-2006. The problem has been analysed from the point of view of the financing of development of domains extremely important for rural areas: local roads and water supply and sewage systems. The authoress has compared the structure of financing sources in rural and rural-urban communes in the period preceding and in the period following Poland's accession to the European Union. The obtained results indicate that in 2004-2006 the communes allocated smaller amounts from their own resources to the development of the water supply and sewage infrastructure than in 2001-2003. However, this fall was more than compensated for by funds coming from foreign sources. On the other hand, such situation never occurred in other types of investment projects, where growth in the outlaid amounts - if recorded at all, was not achieved owing to the external sources of financing alone. In comparison with the 2001-2003 period growth in investment outlays on roads was attributable in 63% to the local councils' own resources and in 37% to external sources. The high share - of over 60%, of foreign, chiefly EU, funds in the increase in total investment outlays of rural and rural-urban communes in 2004-2006 confirms the significant role of the EU's structural funds in the stimulation of investment activity of local councils.
3

ARE POLISH VILLAGES BECOMING DEPOPULATED?

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 1(130)
150-164
EN
The article represents an attempt at establishing whether the rural areas of Poland are becoming depopulated. Is there a problem of depopulation in the situation when migration of people from villages to towns is declining and the level of total population is relatively stable? If the answer is positive then it should be determined whether this phenomenon is more or less intense than in the past. Basing on the assumption that depopulation occurs when the decrease in the number of residents is accompanied by unfavourable changes in the demographic structure the authoress has delimited rural areas, which show the signs of depopulation, in accordance with the classification of communes done from the point of view of the scale of changes in population levels and features of the age and sex structure of the rural population. The conducted analyses have indicated that in regional systems the problem of depopulation of villages in Poland still exists although its scale is smaller than it was expected still in the late 1980s. The latter is undoubtedly attributable to the declining migration of residents from rural to urban areas. The conducted research has proved that serious demographic problems characterize not more than 6% of Poland's communes. These are areas where the phenomenon of depopulation occurred early and where the deformation of demographic structure reached a high degree a relatively long time ago.
4

INVESTMENT PRIORITIES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF RURAL COMMUNES

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 3(132)
86-99
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse the development priorities of rural communes. The basis for identifying these priorities was research carried out late in 2004, within the framework of the STRUDER programme for the sustainable development of rural areas, in more than 400 Polish communes that differed in many respects and that represented various types of rural areas. The conducted research provided information about the implemented and planned investments as well as actions launched by local governments to improve the financial situation of the analysed communes. The authoress also refers to the results of the first analyses concerning the implementation of some EU programmes, especially those arousing the greatest interest of local governments. It turns out that regardless of the type of environment the principal direction of activities launched by local authorities is the development of communal infrastructure and mainly the construction of roads, sewage systems, sewage treatment plants and water supply systems. Another important sphere of activity is the development of educational infrastructure (construction and modernisation of educational facilities).
5

PROGRAMME FOR THE ACTIVISATION OF RURAL AREAS: COMPONENT C - INFRASTRUCTURE. CONCLUSIONS FROM ITS IMPLEMENTATION?

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2007
|
issue 1(134)
175-189
EN
In 2001-2005 Poland implemented, owing to a loan obtained from the World Bank, a Programme for the Activisation of Rural Areas. It was the first multisectoral programme launched during the period of transformations that was designed to support several sectors important for the development of rural areas. The programme consisted of three components: A - Micro-loans, B - Activisation of Human Resources, C - Infrastructure. This article presents the results achieved owing to the implementation of the Programme's component C. It was designed to stimulate the development of rural infrastructure in four important areas: the construction of water supply systems, sewage systems and sewage treatment plants, the construction of local roads and organisation of dumping grounds for waste materials. Component C was the only element of the Programme realised in all (16) provinces of Poland. It also was the element, which consumed a larger portion of the World Bank's loan (39%) than any other component of the Programme. Although the Programme's contribution to the general improvement of infrastructure of Poland's rural areas was not very impressive the realisation of Component C in the communes covered by the Programme resulted in the number of measurable and non-measurable advantages, including the construction of various facilities, the creation of new jobs and an improvement in the living standards.
6

EDUCATIONAL AND MATERIAL POTENTIAL OF A RURAL ENTREPRENEUR

100%
Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2004
|
issue 4(125)
90-107
EN
The analyses presented in this article were conducted within the research project, called 'Social, psychological and educational potential of the Polish rural community' implemented in 2001-2003 owing to a grant from the State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN). Six communes situated in different parts of Poland were surveyed. Two communes - Biale Blota and Dywity, represented the regions of Poland characterized by the most favourable socio-economic situation, and two communes - Kluczewsko and Plaska, represented those areas of Poland where the socio-economic situation was extremely unfavourable. The remaining two communes - Gizalki and Otyn, were chosen to represent rural areas characterized by the average level of socio-economic development. Such criterion of selection was meant to serve the purpose of verification of a hypothesis suggesting that there existed a dependence between the economic and demographic conditions of communes, as well as the condition of their technical and educational infrastructure, and the level of social capital represented by their population. An analysis of the material and educational resources at the disposal of rural entrepreneurs constituted one of the aspects of investigations launched within the project. This analysis was designed to explain who and how well educated the rural entrepreneurs were, what qualifications they possessed and how much their diversified capital was correlated with the socio-economic level of communities to which they belonged. The results of the conducted surveys have shown that entrepreneurs from that social-professional group which is characterized by a relatively high level of education and the highest material status, both in terms of incomes and in terms of the standard of lodgings. The analyses have also indicated that there exist essential differences in the type and level of education represented by individual entrepreneurs, which, however, can be attributed to their family background rather than the economic situation of the surveyed communes. The conducted analyses have not revealed a clear dependence between the socio-economic situation and the structure of education of entrepreneurs in local systems.
7

SPATIAL BARRIERS IN ACCESS TO MEDICAL AND WELFARE SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS (PRESENTED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED COMNMUNES OF LUBELSKIE PROVINCE)

63%
Czarnecki A., Piecek B.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 3(128)
162-179
EN
The main aim of this paper was to establish whether and to what extent spatial barriers (such as distance, time and costs) decide about the rural population's access to the medical and welfare services. Analyses were conducted to examine the differences in the availability of such services existing between and within the selected communes. This made it possible to identify the line of division between the centre and the peripheries in local systems. The selected communes were characterized by similar development problems, chiefly in terms of the demographic, settlement and economic structure, and a similar level of development of infrastructure. Simultaneously, each of the chosen communes was characterized - as the conducted analyses have revealed - by a specific and unique spatial system determining to a very large extent the availability of public services. A particularly significant factor determining the rural population's access to these services proved to be the type of settlement dominating in villages forming a given commune, their location in relation to the main roads, their central or peripheral location within the commune, the distance separating them from towns and the organisation of public transportation in terms of frequency and direction of the serviced connections. In other words the classic, concentric arrangement of zones characterised by various degrees of availability of the services in question was often modified by other factors determining the specificity of individual communes.
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