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EN
The issue of the text concerns the difference, considered as a category essential for the development of human identity. The starting point is the assumption of E. Laclau, that in contemporary, multicultural societies, identity is formed as a result of tension between particular and universal. From this point of view, particular represents existing, local forms of identity, while universal – the global identity, void of any local connections. Thus, all the attempts to either modify or blur the difference should be treated as an internally political process, blocking the access to identity. The context, in which I situate the analyzed matter, is the issue of global market, whose influence initiates the creation of two opposite, cultural tendencies: on the one hand – commercializing of the semantic realm, but on the other – fundamentalizing of local meanings, as a reaction to the unbearable pressure put by the global, commercial culture. First of them supports the unification of cultural identities, while the latter activates the predator identity. Consequently, the human existence gets stuck between the Disneyland and the Tower of Babel, what causes the perspectives of human development to drastically reduce. This situation faces the education with the defiance of surpassing the liberal point of view, which is based on universalistic model of identity, which leads to – masked by the rule of tolerance, assimilating orientation, assuming the need to adjust the minor cultures to the dominating culture.
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Z dziećmi o cierpieniu

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EN
This text is dedicated to the issue of suffering which has always been and still is a real theoretical and methodological challenge. Suffering is an inevitable aspect of human existence and a component of human condition, and it requires conceptualization and methodological solutions. Even though it seems that suffering is a category very well-known to pedagogy, aa well as one well accustomed by it, in fact pedagogy hardly deals with it conceptually. We can even talk about pedagogical evasion rather than about pedagogical solutions to the problem of suffering. Issues of suffering, situated in the context of discussing it with children are the object of interest to the authors of the text.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony został problematyce cierpienia, która zawsze stanowiła i nadal stanowi prawdziwe wyzwaniem teoretyczne i metodologiczne. Cierpienie będące nieusuwalnym aspektem ludzkiej egzystencji i składową ludzkiej kondycji domaga się konceptualizacji i rozwiązań metodologicznych. Chociaż wydaje się, że kategoria cierpienia powinna być doskonale pedagogice znana i dobrze przez nią oswojona, w rzeczywistości pedagogika z trudem radzi sobie z nią konceptualnie. Można wręcz mówić o pedagogicznych unikach, nie zaś o pedagogicznych rozwiązaniach problemu cierpienia. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autorek tekstu jest problematyka cierpienia, usytuowana w kontekście rozmawiania o nim z dziećmi.
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