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EN
Fifteen years have passed since the sociological profile of our periodical 'Borderlands. Social Studies' was established. Since 1992, when the journal first appeared, borderland studies have become an important trend of theoretical investigations and sociological research carried out not only by the research centers in border regions of Poland but also by many other academic centers across the country and Europe. Apart from sociological studies the borderlands which are defined from varied perspectives and to which varied meanings are given, became the area of research for a number of other disciplines: economics, pedagogical studies, history, cultural anthropology, arts and architecture etc. This means that borderland problems took inter- and trans-disciplinary shapes. Such situation, in turn, demands defining sociological specificity of borderland studies as well as working out common categories and approaches. In author's opinion, within the area of the sociology of borderlands there is room for at least five theoretical categories closely connected with one another as well as several others which derive from the former. Apart from the category of 'borderland' we should also introduce 'borderlandness', if such a neologism can be accepted. Analogically, apart from 'trans-borderland' we need the category of 'trans-borderlandness'. A category that connects problems of borderland and borderlandness functioning on both sides of the borders is the institution of border (boundary, frontier) and border checkpoint creating what we call the trans-border and transborderness. Derivative notions are, for example, national, ethnic and regional groups, religious community, social identity, national and ethnic relations, multiculturalism, democracy and private, local or regional homelands (Heimat) and sociocultural space of myself and that of my group. We invite to our periodical all authors interested in borderland studies, both from Poland and other European countries. We address this invitation particularly to young scholars, willing to research these problems individually or collectively. The periodical is open to authors who represent Belarussian, Ukrainian, Russian and Lithuanian borderlands, with hope that our common efforts will broaden the knowledge on trans-borderlands shaping the reality of both Poland and its neighbours.
Pieniądze i Więź
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2005
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vol. 8
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issue 2(27)
157-163
EN
The author presents changes in the consumption of beverages with both high and low alcohol level. The analysis of surveys enables the reader to notice certain typical features in the alcohol beverages consumption in various countries. The inclusion of data from many countries is important because in the developing economies there is a strong tendency to imitate the consumption structure typical for the highly developed countries.
EN
The 1990s were the period of rapid ownership transformations in agriculture of the former communist countries. A specific feature of these transformations was the fact they generally constituted the process of restitution of private farming, which can be seen as an example of mass social engineering in rural areas. Ownership transformations constituted a serious challenge since the to-date owners or their legal successor practically lost during their work for socialized entities the ability to operate independently. Due to the differences in agricultural policy pursued in the individual post-communist countries, the adoption of varying institutional solutions and differences in internal conditions the pace of ownership transformations was faster or slower but it led in all these countries to an essential limitation of the state's share in the sector of agriculture and to the recreation of private property in that sector. Assumptions relating to the privatisation of arable land have not been fully implemented. A part of that land still constitutes the property of the state treasury and is used by state farms and co-operatives or is being leased to private farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs. It should be noted that the architects of programmes envisaging agrarian reforms have generally overestimated the market's demand for arable land and the society's susceptibility to reformatory initiatives of the authorities.
EN
The research carried out so far on borderland zones indicate a shortage of necessary research tools whose application could possibly improve the theoretical level of research thereon. So far the term of borderland and trans-borderness has been dominant in the research on borderlands and border areas in Poland realized not only on the Eastern borderland. In author's opinion, in order to cover the entire spectrum of social phenomena and processes that occur in border and trans-border areas, it is necessary to introduce additional terms: apart from the borderland - the term of borderlandness, and apart from trans-borderlandness - the term of trans-borders. In result of borderlandness, which may be characterized with different intensity, frequency and internal structure as well as a different degree of durability, borderlands are formed in the perspective of long-term operation and the borderland identity is shaped as well. The article focuses on and explains the category of borderlandness and borderland identity in particular
EN
The special feature of this issue is debate concerning explanations of the new social order in Poland and remedies to its internal problems after 1989. Professor W. Nieciunski wrote an essay based on five important and basic questions about social order and modernization of Poland. What were the sources of 1989 revolution and decay of the state socialism in the Soviet Union? What changes occurred during restitution of capitalism (systemic transformation) and what consequences did they have? What antagonisms and conflicts shape Poland's external environment? What kind of goals and activities for modernization should we promote to remove Poland's civilizational delay? What systemic arrangements can ensure conciliatory resolution of unavoidable internal conflicts as well as creation of conditions favorable to general progress of Polish society and realization of goals necessary for modernization? Twenty prominent figures from Polish academic community agreed to answer and to discuss points made by professor W. Nieciunski.
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