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Raport
|
2017
|
vol. 12
33-64
EN
Multicultural site 2 in Zagórze, Wieliczka District, Małopolskie Voivodeship (AZP 104-59/2) is situated about 25 km east of Cracow, in the Wieliczka Foothills (Fig. 1). The paper characterizes and interprets archaeological settlement sources of the Lusatian culture. 93 various sunken features and about 8500 fragments of vessels have been unearthed. In stylistic and formal terms, a vast majority of pottery represents the oldest development phase of the Lusatian culture in Cracow region, described as the Iwanowice-Wysyłek phase and dated to phase D of the Bronze Age and phase A1 of the Hallstatt period. Features associated with later periods are scarce. The pottery is very typical – it contains all characteristic elements shared by Cracovian enclave of the Lusatian culture and its Silesian counterpart, with few analogies in the Transcarpathian zone. In the light of chronological data, mapping of the features containing vessels decorated with bosses helps to delineate the first functional zone of the settlement (Fig. 30), with 6-8 simultaneously functioning homesteads. Possibly, 8 homesteads have continued to be used (Fig. 31). A few of them were still in use at the beginning of period IV of the Bronze Age (Ha A2).
EN
In the area of loess uplands in Krakow region, particularly in the light of recent discoveries preceding big road investments, the size and organization of settlements of the Mierzanowice culture seem to be much diversified. The analysis of Mierzanowice culture settlements examined on a large scale shows a great diversity of forms in settlement organization lacking one specific spatial layout pattern. Those differences are not dependent on chronology. The sizes of settlements are diversified – from single farmsteads to organized multi-farmstead structures. Farmsteads can be represented not only by one cellar/pit but also by a few or dozen of objects.
EN
The last two decades is a time of extremely intensive rescue excavations, preceding great investments. This article is a contribution to the discussion over the way of research analyses of remains from settlement sites excavated on a large scale. The authors presented their viewpoints on the method of description of sources and approach to distinguishing settlement structures. The starting point for the separation of the different settlements episodes should be a chronological scheme of the local evolution developed on the basis of the analysed materials. Evolution trend analysis of mass materials, mainly ceramics, should be preceded by a reflection about depositional and post-depositional processes. For the sites that manifest themselves only on the surface, the most important role is played by the spatial analysis. The authors suggest that the level of detail of conclusions about spatial diversity of the site, especially separation of units and phases of development, should be directly proportional to the credibility of chronological determinations.
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