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1

O niektórych zasadach polskiego procesu cywilnego w XX w. Uwagi w związku z pracą Anny Stawarskiej-Rippel, Elementy prywatne i publiczne w procesie cywilnym w świetle prac kodyfikacyjnych w Polsce (1918-1964). Studium historycznoprawne, Wyd. UŚ, Kat

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2016

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vol. 15

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issue 1

399-407

EN

The book written by Anna Stawarska-Rippel is dedicated to one of the most important problems concerning the evolution of Polish civil proceedings in the 20th century. She describes the basic rules of Polish civil proceedings, showing their evolution in compara- tive perspective. Austrian, Swiss, German, French regulations are shown to illustrate the motives of the Polish legislator before World War II. Soviet regulations were introduced into Polish law after the war. Not all of them should have been abolished after the fall of communism in 1989. The book written by A. Stawarska-Rippel is a valuable contribution into the research on the history of Polish civil proceedings. It is also important for those who work on recodification of Polish civil proceedings now.

2

Z badań nad prawem rodzinnym w projekcie kodeksu cywilnego z 1948 r.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2007

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vol. 5

139-156

EN

In February 1947 the Codification Commission was established. The Commission was to prepare the version of Civil Code, based on the existing acts and decrees. The changes in the existing law could be done only exceptionally. There were two persons nominated to prepare the draft of family law as a part of civil code. Jan Witecki and Seweryn Szer prepared the draft in 15 months, so the first reading was concluded in August 1948. The Commission has modified the configuration of proposed draft, which was based on French and Swiss civil laws. There were some important changes in marital law done. The most important of them were connected with the separation – the consequences of separation were regulated. There were important changes in the construction of divorce proposed. The draft was on a good level of legal regulation. In 1949 the works on new code were stopped because of political reasons. The draft was described as “bourgeois” and did not fit to process of stalinisation of Poland.

3

Status prawny dzieci pozamałżeńskich w prawie rodzinnym pierwszych lat Polski Ludowej

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 2

123-138

EN

Polish family law, as a part of civil law, has been uniﬁed in 1945–46. The old law, coming from the period of Polish partitions, has been replaced by the decrees, based on drafts prepared by the Codiﬁcation Committee before WW II. The decree Family Law from 1946 regulated the legal relations coming from consanguinity. One of the most important problems to be solved by the legislator was the status of children born out of wedlock. The article presents the drafts and the discussion about improving the legal status of this category of children. The decree ﬁnally improved their position, although it did not eliminate legal distinction of the two groups of children. The legal status of children born out of wedlock was a little worse than those coming from marriage, but the diﬀerence was not big. The decree gave an opportunity to provide the children with legitimacy in many cases. The diﬀerences in the legal status of children were ﬁnally eliminated in Poland in 1950, by enactment of the Family Code.

4

Wizyta prawników radzieckich w Polsce w 1955 r. Dokument archiwalny o tematach i wynikach prawniczych konsultacji polsko-radzieckich

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2015

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vol. 14

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issue 1

123-132

EN

In 1955 the ﬁrst oﬃcial visit of Soviet lawyers to Poland took place. It is somehow strange that it took place so late, when the process of Sovietization of Polish law was already very advanced. The chairman of the delegation was Professor D. S. Kariew, who was also a high ranked oﬃcial of the Soviet Ministry of Justice. The document presented below is the minutes of the last meeting of the delegation with Polish Minister of Justice, Henryk Świątkowski. The Soviet delegation was suggesting to implement many Soviet regulations into Polish law. Among them were: the election of judges (complete ﬁction) and abolishing the self-government of advocates. They were also pressing on increasing the Ministry’s supervision over judges. At the time the Polish party seemed to accept these proposals but in the event none were implemented into Polish law. This was so because of political changes in Poland in 1956, when Stalin’s period in Polish history ended. The process of reception of Soviet law in Poland then stopped, but not completely.

5

Stosunki prawne z pokrewieństwa i prawo opiekuńcze w projekcie kodeksu cywilnego z 1948 r.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2008

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vol. 6

109-123

EN

The draft of legal regulations about consanguinity and guardianship was supposed to be a part of the codification of civil law, consisting of five parts (so called: books): general part, family law, property law, law of obligations and inheritance law. In the proposed draft the family law was placed as book II, according to pattern coming from the Swiss code. The draft was based on the decrees from 1945–1946, which unified Polish civil law. The authors of this draft have not changed much in the existing law. The proposed changes were improving the legal situation of children coming out of wedlock, there were also some changes in the property relations between parents and children proposed. Few amendments referred to law of adoption. The guardianship law was unchanged. The draft was presenting very high level of civil law. However, the works on the draft code were interrupted in 1949, because the communist authorities declared draft as “bourgeois” one and not suitable in the new political situation of Stalinist Poland.

6

Istorija otečesvennogo gosudarstva i prava. Četvertoe izdanije, pererabotannoe i dopolnenoe, pod redakcijej doktora iuridičeskich nauk, zaslužennogo profesora MgU, laureata gosudarstvennoi premii Rossijskoj federacji O. I. Čistiakova, wyd. Iurist, Moskv

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2008

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vol. 6

199-201

PL

Istorija otečesvennogo gosudarstva i prava. Četvertoe izdanije, pererabotannoe i dopolnenoe, pod redakcijej doktora iuridičeskich nauk, zaslužennogo profesora MgU, laureata gosudarstvennoi premii Rossijskoj federacji O. I. Čistiakova, wyd. Iurist, Moskva 2006, čast’ 1, ss. 477, čast’ 2, 510 stron.

7

M. Antokolskaia, Harmonisation of Family Law in Europe. A Historical Perspective. A Tale of Two Millennia, wyd. Intersentia, Antwerpen–Oxford 2006, 565 stron.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2008

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vol. 6

191-193

PL

M. Antokolskaia, Harmonisation of Family Law in Europe. A Historical Perspective. A Tale of Two Millennia, wyd. Intersentia, Antwerpen–Oxford 2006, 565 stron.

8

European Supreme Courts. A Portrait through History, red. A. A. Wijﬀels, C. H. van Rhee. Foreword by Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Third Millennium Publishing, London 2013, 288 stron

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2013

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vol. 12

453-454

PL

European Supreme Courts. A Portrait through History, red. A. A. Wijﬀels, C. H. van Rhee. Foreword by Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Third Millennium Publishing, London 2013, 288 stron

9

Polscy prawnicy emigracyjni o sowietyzacji prawa cywilnego

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Fiedorczyk P.

Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi

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2011

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vol. 33

481–492

EN

After World War II many of Polish outstanding lawyers decided not to return to Poland. They refused to live behind the Iron Curtain, settling primarily in Great Britain and in the United States. They organized Polish Faculty of Law in London and established legal associations. They were trying to continue research on Polish law, which was changing rapidly in accordance with the principles of the Soviet model. The civil law was one of the topics of research. We should mention Zygmunt Nagórski, Kazimierz Grzybowski and Aleksander W. Rudziński as the most important researchers. They published their books and articles mostly in English. We can observe two different periods in the history of Polish civil law after World War II. During the first period Polish law was unified on the basis of Western standards. This process was met by emigration lawyers with high approval, although some inconsistent changes were also noticed and mentioned. In the second period, after 1948, the process of Stalinization of Polish law began. These changes were registered and analyzed very thoroughly. The opinions of Polish emigration lawyers remain valid even to this day and are generally confirmed by the historians of law.

10

The debate on passing the Polish-Czechoslovak bill of family law in Czechoslovak National Assembly in 1949

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Fiedorczyk P.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2013

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vol. 19

EN

In 1949 Polish and Czechoslovak lawyers prepared a draft of joint family law for both states. It was prepared for political reasons, to implement communist law in two “people’s democracy” countries. It was based on Soviet law. The Czechoslovak part was quicker in passing the new law. The final debate took place in National Assembly on December 7th, 1949. Only three persons took part in it. It had completely ideological character. Especially the Minister of Justice had very communist speech. He criticized strongly “capitalist” family law and attacked the Catholic Church, because Czechoslovak bishops were protesting against civil marriages. In fact the draft on family law was used by the communist authorities to create anti-church atmosphere. The bill was passed without votes against. Similar debate took place in Polish Sejm in 1950, although it had a little bit less ideological character.

PL

Brak abstraktu w języku polskim

11

A Few Remarks on the Genesis of the Act of 13 July 1939 on Faciliating Adoption of Minors

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Fiedorczyk P.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 3

EN

The text presents the genesis of the Act of 13 July 1939 on Faciliating Adoption of Minors. The Act was passed by Polish Parliament just before World War II broke and had significant importance in the process of adopting orphans during the war. The bill was proposed by the MP Eugeniusz Jurkowski. The bill contained very radical solutions. It referred only to minor children. The act of adoption should have been validated trough court’s proceedings, and the results of adoption were constructed as adoptio plena. During the legislation process the bill was seriously changed and some of the progressive solutions were eliminated. Nevertheless, the Act seems to be a big achievement of Polish legislators. The regulations proposed in the Act were introduced into Polish Family and Guardianship Code of 1964, which is still in power.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia genezę ustawy z dnia 13 lipca 1939 r. o ułatwieniu przysposobienia małoletnich. Ustawa została uchwalona przez Sejm RP tuż przed wybuchem II wojny światowej i miała duże znaczenie w procesie adopcji sierot w czasie wojny. Projekt ustawy został zaproponowany przez posła Eugeniusza Jurkowskiego. Zawierał wiele radykalnych rozwiązań. W trakcie procesu legislacyjnego ustawa została poważnie zmieniona, a niektóre z postępowych rozwiązań zostały wyeliminowane. Niemniej ustawa wydaje się być wielkim osiągnięciem polskich ustawodawców. Regulacje zaproponowane w niej zostały częściowo wprowadzone do polskiego Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego z 1964 r., który nadal jest w mocy.

12

Polski Październik 1956 r. a reforma rolna

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Fiedorczyk P.

Z Dziejów Prawa

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2019

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vol. 12

801-814

EN

In 1944, the new “people’s” government in Poland issued a decree on the implemen- tation of the agricultural reform. Acquisition of land ownership often took place in violation of the provisions of this legal act. After Stalin’s death, as part of the political “thaw,” those illegally deprived of their property began to demand the return of their land. The act issued in 1958 invalidated these attempts and legalised all of them, including the illegal annexation of land by the state. The circumstances of the law’s enactment clearly indicate that its aim was to finally deprive landowners of the right to all claims against the state. This law still blocks the reprivati- sation efforts against assets that were taken over in violation of the law on the basis of the decree on agricultural reform.

DE

1944 erließ die neue „Volksregierung“ in Polen ein Dekret zur Durchfüh- rung der Agrarreform. Die Übernahme von Landgütern verstieß oft gegen die Bestimmungen dieses Rechtsakts. Nach Stalins Tod begannen die rechtswidrig enteigneten Personen im Zuge des politischen „Tauwetters“ nach der Rückgabe ihres Landgutes zu verlangen. Das verabschie- dete Gesetz von 1958 hob diese Versuche auf und legalisierte alle auch rechtswidrigen Landgu- tenteignungen durch den Staat. Die Umstände des Inkrafttretens des Gesetzes zeigen deutlich, dass sein Zweck darin bestand, den Grundbesitzern letztendlich das Recht auf alle Ansprüche an den Staat zu entziehen. Bis heute blockiert dieses Gesetz die Versuche, solche Landgüter zu reprivatisieren, die auf Grund des Dekrets zur Agrarreform rechtswidrig übernommen wurden.

PL

W 1944 r. nowa „ludowa” władza w Polsce wydała dekret o przeprowadzeniu reformy rolnej. Przejmowanie własności ziemi odbywało się często z naruszeniem przepisów tego aktu prawnego. Po śmierci Stalina, w ramach politycznej „odwilży” bezprawnie pozbawieni własności zaczęli domagać się zwrotu ziemi. Wydana w 1958 r. ustawa przekreśliła te próby i zalegalizowała wszystkie, w tym bezprawne zabory ziemi przez państwo. Okoliczności uchwalenia ustawy wskazują wyraźnie, że jej celem było ostateczne pozbawienie właścicieli ziemskich prawa do wszelkich roszczeń wobec państwa. Ustawa ta blokuje do dzisiaj starania reprywatyzacyjne podejmowane wobec majątków, które zostały przejęte z naruszeniem prawa na podstawie dekretu o reformie rolnej.

13

Prawne problemy początków rejestracji aktów stanu cywilnego w Polsce po II wojnie światowej

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Fiedorczyk P.

Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

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2017

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vol. 39

345-362

PL

W 1945 roku nowe komunistyczne władze przeprowadziły akcję unifikacji prawa cywilnego i rodzinnego. Jednym z elementów tej akcji było wprowadzenie świeckiej rejestracji aktów stanu cywilnego. Kościół katolicki krytykował nowy dekret o aktach stanu cywilnego, przede wszystkim z powodu obowiązkowych ślubów cywilnych. Przeważająca część społeczeństwa polskiego nie znała wcześniej cywilnej rejestracji małżeństw, ponieważ istniała ona tylko na terenie byłego zaboru pruskiego. Prawo pruskie zawierało tzw. paragraf Bismarcka, który zmuszał nupturientów do zawierania najpierw małżeństwa cywilnego, po którym można było dopiero zawrzeć ślub kościelny. Nowe polskie prawo nie zawierało tej regulacji, wobec czego społeczeństwo ignorowało „komunistyczne” przepisy o cywilnych małżeństwach. W 1946 roku więcej niż połowa małżeństw nie była zawierana w urzędach stanu cywilnego. Władze zdawały sobie sprawę, że w zaistniałej sytuacji nie można było prowadzić polityki demograficznej. Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości starało się poprawić sytuację poprzez szeroką akcję informacyjną, która uświadamiała społeczeństwu znaczenie cywilnej rejestracji aktów stanu cywilnego. Najważniejsza w tym zakresie była akcja w szkołach – nauczyciele mieli informować dzieci i rodziców o konieczności rejestracji. Także sądy zostały zobowiązane do akcji popularyzatorskiej. Po pewnym czasie sytuacja uległa poprawie, ale nawet dzisiaj uwidaczniają się negatywne konsekwencje braku cywilnej rejestracji małżeństw z lat 40. XX wieku, szczególnie w dziedzinie prawa spadkowego.

EN

In 1945 the new communist government in Poland introduced the process of the unification of civil and family law. The process was connected with the introduction of civil registrar’s offices. The Catholic Church officials were criticising the new decree, especially because of compulsory civil marriages. The vast majority of the Polish society did not know civil registrars earlier, because they existed only in the former German part of Poland. The German law knew the so called Bismarck’s paragraph, according to which people were obliged to contract civil marriage first and then they could contract church marriage. The new Polish law did not contain this provision, so people were ignoring “communist” regulations about civil marriages. In 1946 more than half of the marriages were not registered in the civil registrars’ offices. The authorities understood that in such a situation the government was not able to plan the demographic policy. The Ministry of Justice was trying to improve the situation by a very wide action of informing people about the importance of civil registration. The most important measure was the action at schools – the teachers had to inform their pupils and their parents about new registrar’s system. Also the courts were obliged to inform about new laws. After some time the situation improved, but even now we can see negative consequences of not following the new law, especially in the inheritance law.

14

Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska 1931–2019

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 18

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issue 1

7-8

EN

In memory of Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska - historian of law, professor of legal sciences, academic teacher.

PL

Pamięci Katarzyny Sójki-Zielińskiej - historyka prawa, profesor nauk prawnych, nauczyciela akademickiego.

15

John Quigley, Soviet Legal Innovation and the Law of the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 2007, 256 stron.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2009

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vol. 7

264-267

PL

John Quigley, Soviet Legal Innovation and the Law of the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 2007, 256 stron.

16

Dyskusja na temat miejsca prawa rodzinnego w systemie prawa Polski Ludowej

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2009

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vol. 7

153-173

EN

After World War II Polish law was based on law of the USSR. Family law played important role in the reception of Soviet law, because it was the first example of applying Soviet rules. According to Soviet doctrine and legislation, family law was treated as an independent branch of law, separated from civil law. The construction of private law was rejected. The process of adapting Soviet rules started in 1949, when Polish and Czechoslovak lawyers were working together on draft of Family Code. No one of important Polish lawyers supported the idea of separation of family law from civil law at the beginning of works. Later they were forced to change their views and some of them (especially Seweryn Szer) supported the idea of separation of family law strongly. In the late 50’s the discussion about localization of family law was very emotional and open. It was the result of changing political situation (fall of the Stalinism). However, there was no political consent to prepare one civil code and that’s why two codes were passed in 1964: Family and Guardianship Code and Civil Code. The reception of Soviet rules in Polish family law was superficial. According to the prevailing opinion, the existence of separate Family code did not create independent branch of law and family law was regarded as a part of civil law. The supporters of the idea of separation were not able to construct the convincing theory about it. Present attempts to retain separated family code have no historical justification.

17

O prawie i doktrynach politycznoprawnych Związku Radzieckiego

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Fiedorczyk P.

Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 65

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issue 1

503-511

18

Vývoj československého práva 1945–1989, red. J. Kuklík, Wyd. linde, Praha 2009, 727 stron.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2009

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vol. 8

271-272

PL

Vývoj československého práva 1945–1989, red. J. Kuklík, Wyd. linde, Praha 2009, 727 stron.

19

Dylematy socjalistycznego kodyfikatora. Dokument archiwalny o pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej w latach 1956–1958

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2009

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vol. 8

259-267

PL

Dylematy socjalistycznego kodyfikatora. Dokument archiwalny o pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej w latach 1956–1958

20

Komunistické právo v Československu. Kapitoly z dĕjin bezpráví, red. Michal Bobek, Pavel Molek, Vojtĕch Šimíček, wyd. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno 2009, 1006 stron.

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Fiedorczyk P.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2010

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vol. 9

159-161

PL

Komunistické právo v Československu. Kapitoly z dĕjin bezpráví, red. Michal Bobek, Pavel Molek, Vojtĕch Šimíček, wyd. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno 2009, 1006 stron.

Refine search results

O niektórych zasadach polskiego procesu cywilnego w XX w. Uwagi w związku z pracą Anny Stawarskiej-Rippel, Elementy prywatne i publiczne w procesie cywilnym w świetle prac kodyfikacyjnych w Polsce (1918-1964). Studium historycznoprawne, Wyd. UŚ, Kat

Z badań nad prawem rodzinnym w projekcie kodeksu cywilnego z 1948 r.

Status prawny dzieci pozamałżeńskich w prawie rodzinnym pierwszych lat Polski Ludowej

Wizyta prawników radzieckich w Polsce w 1955 r. Dokument archiwalny o tematach i wynikach prawniczych konsultacji polsko-radzieckich

Stosunki prawne z pokrewieństwa i prawo opiekuńcze w projekcie kodeksu cywilnego z 1948 r.

Istorija otečesvennogo gosudarstva i prava. Četvertoe izdanije, pererabotannoe i dopolnenoe, pod redakcijej doktora iuridičeskich nauk, zaslužennogo profesora MgU, laureata gosudarstvennoi premii Rossijskoj federacji O. I. Čistiakova, wyd. Iurist, Moskv

M. Antokolskaia, Harmonisation of Family Law in Europe. A Historical Perspective. A Tale of Two Millennia, wyd. Intersentia, Antwerpen–Oxford 2006, 565 stron.

European Supreme Courts. A Portrait through History, red. A. A. Wijﬀels, C. H. van Rhee. Foreword by Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Third Millennium Publishing, London 2013, 288 stron

Polscy prawnicy emigracyjni o sowietyzacji prawa cywilnego

The debate on passing the Polish-Czechoslovak bill of family law in Czechoslovak National Assembly in 1949

A Few Remarks on the Genesis of the Act of 13 July 1939 on Faciliating Adoption of Minors

Polski Październik 1956 r. a reforma rolna

Prawne problemy początków rejestracji aktów stanu cywilnego w Polsce po II wojnie światowej

Katarzyna Sójka-Zielińska 1931–2019

John Quigley, Soviet Legal Innovation and the Law of the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 2007, 256 stron.

Dyskusja na temat miejsca prawa rodzinnego w systemie prawa Polski Ludowej

O prawie i doktrynach politycznoprawnych Związku Radzieckiego

Vývoj československého práva 1945–1989, red. J. Kuklík, Wyd. linde, Praha 2009, 727 stron.

Dylematy socjalistycznego kodyfikatora. Dokument archiwalny o pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej w latach 1956–1958

Komunistické právo v Československu. Kapitoly z dĕjin bezpráví, red. Michal Bobek, Pavel Molek, Vojtĕch Šimíček, wyd. Masarykova Univerzita, Brno 2009, 1006 stron.