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1

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AND PROACTIVE COPING

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A.
Studia Psychologica
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2010
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vol. 52
|
issue 4
291-299
EN
This study focuses on selected characteristics of counterfactual thinking related to effectiveness of coping (represented by sense of coherence SOC and self-efficacy GSES) and proactive coping. The authors focus on anxiety among personality characteristics related to the proactive coping and counterfactual thinking. The results show a higher level of proactive and preventive coping, as well as higher SOC and GSES, related to positive opinion of the helpfulness of counterfactual thinking in solving possible future problems and to lower anxiety.
2

CAN COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING BE USEFUL (AND ADAPTIVE)?

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
|
issue 3
221-234
EN
The study focuses on the relationship between counterfactual thinking and salutogenic personality characteristics. Using the Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) of a sample of 259 women, the authors distinguish 3 types, representing the links of counterfactual thinking frequency with self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism. Adaptiveness (usefulness) of counterfactual thinking was studied using the following variable: subjectively evaluated helpfulness of counterfactual thinking in solving future problems. With the application of the CFA, two types were found. The first is represented by the configuration of low helpfulness of counterfactual thinking related to low self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism; the second has the configuration of high helpfulness of counterfactual thinking related to high self-esteem, self-efficacy, reflective dimension of wisdom and optimism. The second type indicates in particular possible usefulness of counterfactual thinking and emphasizes the need for its study within the personality context, as well as the study of inter-individual differences in counterfactual thinking.
3

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS A COPING STRATEGY - COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS

81%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A., Kresanek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
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vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
237-249
EN
A study showed the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in relation to sense of coherence (SOC), that expresses coping effectiveness, and in relation to anxiety and self-esteem. A configurable frequency analysis was used to determine types. The combination of high coping effectiveness (SOC) with CT (rarer, helpful in solving future problems, not saddening, not inhibiting future problem solving) was confirmed - as type 1, in which cognitive aspects of CT prevail. Type 2 represents lower SOC in combination with CT (frequent, saddening, not helpful, rather inhibiting the solving of future problems) - emotional aspects of CT prevail in this type. The combination of CT characteristics with anxiety introduced a single type: high anxiety, frequent CT, saddening CT and CT does not help future solutions, CT inhibits future solutions. Any distinct type regarding the relation between CT characteristics and self-esteem was observed. CT characteristics are also discussed in relation to Big Five factors describing personality.
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