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1

THE ROLE OF LAY THEORIES IN PERCEPTION AND ADAPTATION TO CHANGES PROCESSES

100%
Lachowicz-Tabaczek K.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2004
|
vol. 12
53-68
EN
The subject of considerations undertaken in this article is concerned with the role of lay theories of change in perception and adaptation to changes processes. It was argued that entity and incremental theories about the nature of the world and peoples' traits influence the way an individual interprets changes and the methods of adaptation to them. The assumptions are based on the research concerned the correlates and consequences of lay theories of change and the Richard Lazarus theory of cognitive appraisal. It was assumed that entity theorists perceive change as generally unfavourable event on which they react getting threatened and upset. Because of the fact that entity theorists assess poorly their ability of problem handling they adopt to new situations by withdrawing from involvement or making effort. If avoidance is impossible, they accept the inconvenient circumstances. On the other hand, the incremental theorists response on unfavourable change with hope they can improve the situation. Therefore, they use active methods of coping with negative causes of changes even if they are irreversible. The functionality of both adaptation methods was considered depending on the character of the change (possible to alter or impossible to reverse) and the entity or incremental theory.
2

Implicit theories and compliance with the foot-in-the-door technique

63%
Gamian-Wilk M., Lachowicz-Tabaczek K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2007
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vol. 38
|
issue 1
50-63
EN
Research has shown that entity theorists (individuals who believe in fixed traits) prefer tasks which minimize the risk of failure. In contrast, incremental theorists (individuals who believe in malleable personality) choose tasks giving them the possibility to improve their skills. A series of studies involving 698 students showed that the 'foot-in-the-door' effect was significant among incremental theorists in a sequence of relatively difficult requests and among entity theorists when the requests were relatively simple. The results are explained by the differences between incremental and entity theorists in their perception of request difficulty and their assessment of the costs paid in fulfilling a request.
3

THE INFLUENCE OF ENDORSED IMPLICIT THEORIES ON THE EMOTIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH HEARTH DISEASE

63%
Lachowicz-Tabaczek K., Gamian M.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2005
|
vol. 13
123-144
EN
The article highlights the problem of the influence of endorsed implicit theories on the emotional quality of life and on the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease being immediately after myocardial infraction and those being after a long cardiac rehabilitation. Numerous studies indicate that entity theorists (people who believe in fixed traits) are more emotionally vulnerable, anxious, less psychologically resistant and exhibit stronger tendency to encounter negative emotions than incremental theorists (people who believe in malleable traits) do. It was predicted that entity theorists would display stronger negative feelings after experiencing myocardial infraction and they would be more reluctant to rehabilitation treatment.Two groups of heart disease patients participated in the study. The first group consisted of patients immediately after cardiac infract, being at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation (N = 26; 15 incremental theorists, 10 entity theorists) and the second group - patients about 20 months after cardiac infract, having attended in approximately 6-month cardiac rehabilitation.The results indicate that implicit theories play an important role in the quality of life assessment of cardiac patients only after rehabilitation treatment. The level of anxiety, depression and tension decreased, mood improved, self-image and self-esteem enhanced and the level of achievement motivation increased but only among incremental theorists who have attended a long-term rehabilitation in comparison to entity theorists whose psychological indicators of quality of life did not alter in the group before and after the cardiac rehabilitation.
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