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1

SOME PROBLEMS IN MULTILINGUAL DIGITAL DICTIONARIES

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Dimitrova L., Koseska-Toszewa V.
Cognitive Studies
|
2008
|
issue 8
237-254
EN
The article discusses some observations from the joint work of Polish and Bulgarian research groups on the digital Bulgarian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian dictionaries, as well as the projected multilingual (initially: Bulgarian-Polish-Ukrainian) dictionary. The researchers are currently working on a parallel corpus containing texts in Bulgarian and Polish, distributed over the Internet, whereby the translation correspondence is one-to-one. They are developing a comparable corpus that includes texts in Bulgarian and Polish (excerpts from newspapers, literary works, Internet textual documents) with the text sizes being comparable across the two languages. The two corpora, parallel and comparable, form the first Bulgarian-Polish corpus, that will be prepared in CES format, manually or using ad-hoc tools, and will be annotated on 'paragraph' and 'sentence' levels, according to the text annotation international standards. This bilingual corpus will provide a sample of the vocabulary to be included in an initial experimental version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary. The bi- and multilingual digital dictionaries have more limitations and require even more so that the description of language specifications of the headword in each entry of the dictionary be simple and simultaneously more comprehensive. The fact that the lexical form in every language may have several meanings that do not overlap across the respective compared languages also has to be addressed. Great difficulties have to be addressed in order for a dictionary to satisfy the needs of a translator, a language researcher or an everyday user.
2

WHAT IS IMPERCEPTIVE MODALITY?

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Koseska-Toszewa V., Kotsyba N.
Cognitive Studies
|
2008
|
issue 8
139-157
EN
Imperceptivity is understood as expressing the speaker's detachment from the content of the sentence, often through underlining the fact that the speaker was not a witness of the situation spoken about. The semantic structure of imperceptive sentences contains: 1. the semantic component 'says that'; 2. 'speaker's unawareness', which can be noted as 'the speaker does not know whether....'; 3. the necessity of 'the presence of an observer who is not identical with the speaker', whose opinion is the basis of the speech situation, while the speaker shows doubt concerning the truth of the presented content; 4. the possibility functor 'it is possible that'. Examples from Bulgarian, Polish, Ukrainian and English are presented and the peculiarities of the usage of imperceptivity in those languages are discussed.
3

CLASSIFIERS AND DIGITAL DICTIONARIES

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Dimitrova L., Koseska-Toszewa V.
Cognitive Studies
|
2009
|
issue 9
117-131
EN
The paper discusses some problems related to entry classifiers in digital dictionaries. Information technologies offer great possibilities to linguists and lexicographers for the development of various dictionaries, especially for bi- and multilingual digital dictionaries. The authoresses' point of view is based on their experience from the development of the first Bulgarian-Polish Digital Dictionaries. The dictionaries are being developed in the framework of the joint research project 'Semantics and Contrastive linguistics with a focus on a bilingual electronic dictionary' between IMIBAS and ISS-PAS, coordinated by L. Dimitrova and V. Koseska. The experimental version of the Bulgarian - Polish electronic dictionary is prepared in the WORD-format and consist approximately of 20 thousand dictionary entries. The dictionary is used for creation of the lexical database (LDB) that is an entry point to the relational database (RDB) of the first Bulgarian-Polish online dictionary. The structure of the LDB allows synchronized and unified representation of the information for Bulgarian and Polish, which is a step towards the creation of online Polish-Bulgarian dictionary in the future.
4

BULGARIAN-POLISH CORPUS

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Dimitrova L., Koseska-Toszewa V.
Cognitive Studies
|
2009
|
issue 9
133-141
EN
The paper shortly describes the first Bulgarian-Polish digital corpus. The corpus is collected with the main purpose to ensure the selection of the entries for the first experimental electronic Bulgarian-Polish dictionary. The texts were collected concurrently and do not have a connection with national monolingual or other corpora. This bilingual corpus supports the lexical database of the first experimental online Bulgarian-Polish dictionary. The use of digital multilingual corpora in contrastive studies is briefly discussed.
5
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O gramatyce konfrontatywnej buĊ‚garsko-polskiej

100%
Koseska-Toszewa V., Sawicka I., PAN I. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
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1991
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vol. 025
EN
In the paper we present the project of the Polish-Bulgarian confrontative grammar, being elaborated in the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Semantic categories play the role of tertium comparationis in the Grammar (in phonology - phonetic features). In the paper the choice of this very type of confrontation is motivated and some examples of confrontation are given.
6

CONTRASTIVE STUDIES AND SEMANTIC INTERLANGUAGE

81%
Koseska-Toszewa V., Korytkowska M., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
|
2009
|
issue 9
33-52
EN
The analysis of the language confrontation issues presented in the paper shows the imperfection of the results of research where two or more languages are compared based on a formal inventory, i.e. the so-called morpho-syntactical features and values. The use of interlanguage as a language of consistent and simple notions helps overcome the formal barrier, and ensures that the individual confronted languages are always referred to the same meaning plane, known traditionally as tertium comparationis. The results of research on natural languages obtained based on a confrontation with a semantic interlanguage are comparable and have an equal status. The approach presented in the Part 2 motivates syntactical phenomena by semantic features of predicative units, as well as by the specific structure of the argument places opened by those units. The objects contained within those places are carriers of states in the sense of net theory, but describing that sphere solely by its relations to states and events does not exhaust the whole problem area. The paper presents an outline of an apparatus of analysis starting with the semantic plane, in which the elements of the interlanguage are classes of semantic predicates and the set of 'predicate- argument positions' defined by positions at possibly simple predicates. The paper also shows problems connected with the condensation phenomena. As an effect of such phenomena, some elements of the semantic structure are only realized superficially, and functions of argument phrases might be sometimes neutralized.
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