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1

PROBLEMS OF THE ACADEMY SCIENCE IN THE SCIENTISTS' EYES

100%
Malitsky B.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
83-97
EN
The article contains results of interviews with scientists and directors, conducted as part of the latest sociological study of the institutes of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine. Information given by experts from the NAS covered R&D sourcing, changes in research themes and research quality, innovation, international scientific cooperation (ISC) and integration with the European Research Area, the official S&T policy. The current condition of the Academy is judged more optimistically than it was in the middle of the economic crisis of 90s, that is, as stabilization, although at a very low level. With respect of funding and personnel, stabilization is seen in regular payment of salary and stoppage of mass-scale fleeing. Main problems referred to by experts include the status of doctors and candidates of sciences within the Academy, underfunding of research facilities and technical support, evaluation of basic research. As for the dynamics of research themes, notable change occurred in social fields. Changes in natural fields, if any, have been caused mainly by the expanding cooperation with foreign research centers, and the situation in technical fields has been aggravated by rigid reduction of the industrial demand. The worst situation is in the institutes of physical and technological profile, where R&D requires great investments in facilities. As for R&D funding, the old ('institutional') principle has been prevailing, which stirs up discontent. Inflow of contracts has grown, but insignificantly. Structure of R&D funding by category has changed in favor of salary (above 50%), utility services (above 20%), equipment purchase accounting for only 2 to 3%. As for R&D personnel, the most dangerous trend now is 'generation gap', with prevalence of older persons (of which many are pensioners), on the one hand, and post-graduates, on the other. While post-graduates' recruitment has been stable, the share of defended dissertations has sharply reduced. As regards ISC, it gave a chance to have international grants, both as a funding source and a stimulus for international publications in the West (in parallel with falling of publications in Russia), and a chance to use modern facilities on line of international projects, which has become the only chance to do advanced R&D in fields like physics. As for the innovation capacities, in spite of many losses that the Academy had in 90s, they are still significant or even increasing, but innovation-related barriers in Ukraine are as rigid as before.
2

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IS 90

63%
Malitsky B., Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
3-18
EN
At the end of XIX century, science in Ukraine was cultivated in universities, being represented by scientific unions, scientific congresses. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences could adopt traditions of classical Western academies of sciences thanks to the effort of its first President, V.Vernadsky, a distinguished Russian scientist. His conception of the Academy combined the European experience with national scientific and cultural traditions, that is, the Academy as 'an association of state scientific establishments' in social, natural and technical fields. His vision of the Academy came in contrast with the one of M.Grushevsky, an outstanding Ukrainian historian, who believed that the Academy had to be a public association accommodating primarily social studies. Vernadsky chaired the commission on elaboration of the statutory act on the UAS. The commission met on July 9, 1918, and till 17 September 1918 it submitted about 30 memorandums on establishing a network of Academy's institutions. Its work resulted in 'Draft Act on Establishing of the Academy of Sciences in Kiev' and other statutory documents, approved by the Council of Ministers and, on 14 November, 1918, by hetman Skoropadsky. Also, on 14 November, 1918, the hetman's Decree appointed academicians of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. However, the actual date of birth of the Academy used to be ignored by the official history, being replaced by 12 February, 1919, which falls upon the period of temporary reign of the Soviet power in Kiev. The Academy, accommodating only two or three research institutions at the beginning, now has 200, more than 43.300 R&D personnel, out of which more than 10.300 are doctors and candidates of sciences. The article contains the list of most important Academy achievements over the latest 16 years.
3

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE HISTORY IN THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

63%
Malitsky B., Popovich O.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
75-83
EN
The team of researchers on science of science was created by G.M.Dobrov in 1965. Over the following 20 years, Dobrov's team was transferred from one institute to another, unless (in 1986) the Unit for S&T Potential Studies was created, which later (after the death of Dobrov) became G.M.Dobrov Center for Science & Technology Potential and Science History Studies (STEPS Center) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The article contains a detailed analysis of scientific achievements by Dobrov and the STEPS Center. Dobrov and his team could gain international merit for introduction, elaboration and clear definition of the notions of 'scientific potential' and 'science and technology potential'. Later on, Dobrov's team had to engage in a broad range of themes, to face new challenges. Themes on which the STEPS Center had to focus in various periods covered: historical reconstruction of the development of natural science in Ukraine till 80s, by research field; revision of the chronology of main events in the Academy over 1918-1998, investigation of little known data about national naturalists; phenomenon of 'academic school' and methodologies for its identification; elaboration of the phase dynamics of the scientist's activity; methodology and sociology of science; evaluation of research and innovation potential, science & technology and innovation forecasting for Ukraine; evolution of informatics in Ukraine; personalities in the NAS of Ukraine; scientometrics (publication activity in the NAS; trends in nuclear research, including nuclear energy, on the basis of INIS); international scientific cooperation.
4

G.M.DOBROV: A SCIENTIST AND A TEACHER

63%
Malitsky B., Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 1
3-8
EN
A review of scientific, organizational and social work of G.M.Dobrov is given. Main stages of Dobrov's carrier are shown along with scientific results produced at each. Dobrov's scientific carrier began in 50s, in science technology field, after graduation from the Kiev Politechnical Institute. Science and technology history had to face new methodological challenges in that time. Dobrov was the first to offer applications of computing methods to science history studies in the USSR, which, he believed, could help in identifying new factors for research capacity growth and appearance of new research fields, for measuring the performance of research personnel. In his most famous book 'Science about Science', published in 1966, 1970, and in 1989), he offered a conceptualization of science of science discipline. From 1968 till 1986 Dobrov supervised various science of science units in several Academy institutes, and in 1976-1979 he worked as a chief researcher in the International Institute for Applied Systemic Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg (Austria). In 1969 he launched the periodical 'Science of Science in Informatics', transformed in 1993 into the journal 'Nauka ta naukozanvstvo' (Science and Science of Science). Dobrov is the author of more than 300 scientific publications, including 10 books. He did a lot to strengthen the importance of national science, working as an expert in international organizations like UNESCO and CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance), and supervising UNESCO projects 'Efficiency of Research Groups' and 'Social Assessments of New Technologies in Developing Countries'. As early as in 1965 he was elected to the International Academy of Science History and in 1972 - to the World Academy of Natural Science and Humanities.
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