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1
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Warunkowe przedterminowe zwolnienie z odbycia reszty kary pozbawienia wolności skazanych młodocianych w orzecznictwie sądu penitencjarnego właściwego dla zakładu karnego we Włocławku

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Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2008
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issue XXIX-XXX
763-775
2
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Polityka kryminalna i polityka karna we współczesnej polskiej rzeczywistości

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Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2012
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issue XXXIV
401-425
EN
The article discusses criminal policy, understood as court procedures intended to counteract and limit crime by applying provisions of criminal law. The chapter begins with an analysis of diverse definitions of criminal and penal policy. Then, mechanism of action of such policies in the aspect of administering punishments to perpetrators of criminal deeds is discussed. An analysis of statistical data concerning administering particular types of punishments allows to draw certain conclusions concerning penal policy employed in Poland in the difficult period of social change. The most often administered punishment in the first decade of the 21st century is deprivation of liberty (imprisonment) with conditional suspension (probation), imprisonment and fines are slightly less frequent, the least frequently courts sentence unconditional imprisonment. The picture of the data allows only to make a draft of contemporary visions of solving social problems related with crime – or rather lack of such visions. The reasons of incoherence and – in many cases – irrationality of our criminal policy can be seen in many factors which are impossible to discuss or even list in one article. However it is worth to notice that undoubtedly the progressing expansion and politicization of criminal law should be limited and it should be acknowledged that criminal law is not the best remedy for social problems, which include crime.
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Młodociani w świetle prawa i badań kryminologicznych

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Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2012
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issue XXXIV
135-155
EN
The article discusses the problem of young adult offenders in the light of provisions of current Polish criminal law and of criminological studies on this category of convicts over the years. Polish criminal code of 1997 in the article 115 paragraph 10 defines a young adult offender as a person 21 years old who commits a crime or a person under 24 years who is tried in a court of first instance. Two basic issues are involved in the notion of a young adult offender. First the age limits of the subject, second the character of penal measures to be used towards this particular category of offenders. Both issues are discussed at length in the article, particularly with respect to the fact that criminal law makes use of scientific findings from sociology, psychology and medicine to create normative regulations concerning conditions of liability of young adult offenders for their unlawful acts. As an example, one may discuss particular normative directives of the sentence provided for a young adult offenders as the court is obliged to, most of all, educate and resocialise. Educational and resocialisation aspect of the punishment does not mean that young adult offender are treated leniently, sometimes it may indicate a longer time of resocialisation and, at the same time, a longer imprisonment sentence to execute this objective . While sentencing a young adult offender, the court should decide in such a manner so that the liability of the accused is directed more into educational model than repressive one, yet this does not denote resignation from administering the penalty of unconditional imprisonment. Still, it needs to be admitted that in the Polish legal system there are few concrete provisions of law which define in detail how a young offenders should be treated which, according to the author, is somehow concerning. There are significant differences in criminal execution law. First, as a rule, young adult offenders should be imprisoned separately from adult ones. This is understandable because of susceptibility of young people to influence and pressure from adults. Moreover, young adult offenders are subject to system of programmed educational and resocialisation measures during imprisonment, which on one hand seems right, on the other evokes a series of questions and reservations. Discussion of normative situation of young adult offender are illustrated with selected criminological studies carried out so far concerning this category of offenders. Reported results of research show that young adult offenders have typical features characteristic for the whole group. Information on dysfunctional families and alcohol problems are always present. It is accompanied by low education level of their parents and their unemployment. Problems in the behavior of such offenders appear already in kindergarten age and increase during school education while the education process itself leaves a lot to be desired.
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Prawo penitencjarne na tle innych gałęzi prawa i wybranych problemów polityki karnej i penitencjarnej

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Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2013
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issue XXXV
377-390
EN
The article consists of two parts. The first systematises definitions of penitentiary law and presents relations between penitentiary law and other branches of law and fields of science. The voices in discussion on penitentiary law sometimes differ, even in such basic issues as the scope of the very term. This sometimes gives rise to difficulties in qualifying particular provisions to a particular branch of law and causes doubts which rules to apply to particular institutions. Relations between penitentiary law and executive penal law, procedural law, penitentiary science and penal and penitentiary policies are discussed. The second part of the article discusses selected problems of current penal policy related most of all to the use of imprisonment sentence. Between penitentiary law and penitentiary policy or, more broadly speaking, penal policy there are obvious relations. On one hand, this policy is shaped on the basis of the letter of law, on the other hand, based on collected experience, it forces changes in law which fails to respond to actual challenges. Sometimes penitentiary policy, and even mere penitentiary practice, influences provisions of penal law, including penitentiary law, directly. It also happens that law and penitentiary policy (or penal one) fail to meet as far as their goals and assumptions are concerned. It seems it is so in the case of imprisonment, which often looks different in penitentiary law provisions and in statistics resulting from employment of penal and penitentiary policy. The basic paradox consists in that, in spite of observed decrease in crime levels , penitentiary system becomes more and more inefficient. Poland has one of the highest prisonisation indices in Europe and constantly growing number of persons sentenced by the courts and waiting for imprisonment sentence to be executed .The waiting line for imprisonment is approaching the number of the imprisoned. This may be due to a several reasons. Firstly, since the beginning of 1990s there has been a steady increase in the shortest imprisonment sentences (of up to 6 months) which were often administered to those guilty of driving a vehicle under alcohol influence. Secondly, Polish prisons are places where a significant number of imprisonments due to probation violations are served – which shows the weakness in execution of alternatives to incarceration. Another problem is cancellation of suspended sentences. The criminal code provided for two ways a suspended sentence can be cancelled, facultative and obligatory. The latter raised serious doubts and was questioned by the Constitutional Tribunal in its decree of 17.07.2013 r., file no. SK 9/10 (as published in the Journal of Laws as item 905).
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Zmiany w kontrolowaniu przemocy domowej – aspekty prawne, kryminologiczne i społeczne

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Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2021
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issue XLIII/2
243-266
EN
The text includes a description and analysis of selected changes in the approach to controlling domestic violence, taking into account the latest legislative proposal. The text focuses on the most important, selected amendments and successively introduced institutions and procedures which on the one hand increase the scope of state interference in relations between close relatives, and on the other hand increase the possibility of persons affected by violence utilising the available protection. The individual amendments have aroused, and their proposed provisions are still arousing a great deal of controversy of a legal, social, cultural and ethical nature.
PL
Artykuł zawiera opis i analizę wybranych zmian w podejściu do kontrolowania przemocy domowej z uwzględnieniem najnowszych propozycji legislacyjnych. Koncentruje się na najistotniejszych nowelizacjach i wprowadzanych kolejno instytucjach oraz procedurach zwiększających z jednej strony zakres ingerencji państwa w stosunki między osobami najbliższymi, a z drugiej możliwości korzystania z ochrony przez osoby dotknięte przemocą. Poszczególne nowelizacje wzbudzały, podobnie jak obecnie proponowane zapisy, wiele kontrowersji, zarówno natury prawnej, społecznej, kulturowej, jak i etycznej.
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Prawnicy o prawie i swojej profesji / Lawyers about the law and their profession

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Wiktorska P.
Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego
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2018
PL
Streszczenie: Prawnicy są odpowiedzialni za kontrolę przestępczości i kontrolę przestrzegania prawa w społeczeństwie. Badania klasycznych profesji: sędziego, prokuratora i adwokata, pokazują jak postrzegają oni prawo, jakie funkcje prawa uznają za najistotniejsze oraz w jakim stopniu identyfikują się ze swoją profesją. Artykuł opisuje problemy współczesnego prawa i wynikające z tego trudności związane z pracą w zawodach prawniczych. Stanowi on, opartą o badania, refleksję nad kompetencjami w zawodach prawniczych.Słowa kluczowe: prawo, prawnicy, sędziowie, prokuratorzy, adwokaci, rola zawodowa, kontrola społeczna, kontrola przestępczości.Summary: Lawyers are responsible for crime control and monitoring compliance with the law in society. Research of classic legal profession; judges, prosecutors, advocates shows how they understand the law, functions of the law and how they identify with their profession. This article describes problems of contemporary law and the results of this, the difficulty of working in the legal professions. This is based on research reflection on the competences of the legal profession.Keywords: law, lawyers, judges, prosecutors, advocates, profession, social control, crime control.
7
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Wybrane aspekty zmian w procedurze administracyjnej / Selected aspects of changes in the administrative procedure

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Wiktorska P.
Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego
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2018
PL
Streszczenie: Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego1 (k.p.a.) stosuje się do bardzo szerokiej materii ustaw, bezpośrednio lub posiłkowo w zakresie nieuregulowanym w ustawach szczególnych. 1 czerwca 2017 roku weszła w życie nowelizacja2 wprowadzająca instytucje dotąd nieznane procedurze administracyjnej oraz wzmocnienie partnerskich relacji pomiędzy stroną postępowania a organem administracyjnym, a także motywowanie stron do zwiększenia aktywności w postępowaniu. Wprowadzono wiele nowych zasad dotyczących postępowania administracyjnego, w tym zasadę rozstrzygania wątpliwości na korzyść strony, a także możliwość prowadzenia mediacji zarówno pomiędzy stronami postępowania, jak również pomiędzy stroną postępowania a organem administracyjnym. Artykuł opisuje wybrane aspekty znowelizowanych przepisów.Słowa kluczowe: procedura administracyjna, mediacja, ponaglenie, tryb uproszczony, rozstrzyganie wątpliwości na korzyść strony.Summary: Code of Administrative Procedure is applicable to many cases - directly or as the alternative. Amendment of the regulations entered into force on 1 June 2017. The main purpose of this act is to simplify the administrative procedure and flexibility of the relationship between the citizen and the office. The goal is also to motivate the citizen to take part in the procedure. Many new rules have been introduced for administrative procedure, for instance: the principle of resolving doubts in favor of the citizen and mediation, not only between both citizens but also between the citizen and the administrative authority. This article describes selected aspects of the new regulations.Keywords: administrative procedure, mediation, simplified procedure, pressure, resolving doubts in favor of the citizen
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Prawo karne i kryminologia na tle metodologii badań w naukach prawnych

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Wiktorska P.
Prawo w Działaniu
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2022
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issue 53
114-126
EN
Legal sciences, generally speaking, constitute a set of social sciences that contain elements of both humanities and exact sciences dealing with law. There are two approaches to conducting research, one assuming the autonomy and independence of law and the other focused on the external integration of legal sciences, which promotes the use of the methodological achievements of other scientific disciplines in conducting research on law. This article deals with selected problems of methodology in criminal law and criminology, the common feature of which is the analysis and control of crime in society.
PL
Nauki prawne, najogólniej ujmując, stanowią zbiór nauk społecznych, które zawierają zarówno elementy nauk humanistycznych, jak i ścisłych, zajmujących się prawem. Istnieją dwa podejścia do prowadzenia badań: jedno zakładające autonomię i niezależność prawa oraz drugie skupione na integracji zewnętrznej nauk prawnych, która propaguje wykorzystywanie dorobku metodologicznego innych dyscyplin naukowych podczas prowadzenia badań nad prawem. Artykuł porusza wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące metodologii w prawie karnym i w kryminologii, których wspólną cechą jest analizowanie przestępczości i jej kontrolowania w społeczeństwie.
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Recenzja książki Psychologia penitencjarna, redakcja naukowa Mieczysław Ciosek, Beata Pastwa – Wojciechowska, PWN, Warszawa 2016, s. 600

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Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
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2016
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issue 23
148-151
10
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Polityka karna wobec cudzoziemców przebywających w Polsce

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Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
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2015
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issue 22
27-37
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań artykułu jest fragment polityki karnej państwa obejmujący działalność sądów w celu przeciwdziałania i ograniczania przestępczości w drodze stosowania przepisów prawa karnego wobec cudzoziemców przebywających w Polsce. W szczególności poruszane jest zagadnienie polityki wymierzania kar i środków karnych cudzoziemcom, którzy dopuścili się czynów zabronionych przez polskie prawo karne i trafili do systemu formalnej kontroli społecznej. Celem analizy jest ustalenie, w jaki sposób na przestrzeni lat 2004-2012 kształtowała się polityka sądowego wymiaru kary cudzoziemcom, jakie kary i środki karne były wobec nich najczęściej stosowane w odpowiedzi na popełnienie poszczególnych rodzajów przestępstw oraz sprawdzenie czy, a jeśli tak, to w jakim kierunku i zakresie, polityka ta odbiega od polityki karnej stosowanej wobec polskich obywateli.
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Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Społeczny wymiar przestępczości – przyczyny i skala zjawiska”, Biała Podlaska, 21 kwietnia 2015 r.

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Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
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2015
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issue 22
129-130
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Polityka karna wobec cudzoziemców przebywających w Polsce

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Wiktorska P., Rychlik M.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2016
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issue XXXVIII
61-91
EN
The paper focuses on penal policy, or to be more accurate, on its part related to “the operation of the courts of law with a view to preventing and reducing the crime rate through the application of criminal law,”1 though with regard to a selected group only, i.e. foreign nationals who reside in Poland. In very simple terms, it addresses the policy of punishments and punitive measures pursued with respect to foreign nationals who have committed offences expressly prohibited by Polish criminal law, and were subsequently embraced by a formal system of social supervision. The studies at issue were conducted on the basis of statistical data collected by the Ministry of Justice. They comprise information on the kinds of punishment and punitive measures applied to foreign nationals for committing respective types of criminal offences, as revealed and discovered by Polish justice system throughout the country, in the period spanning 2004–2012. It appears that an 8-year period of scrutiny regarding the application of penal policy to foreign nationals allows for the identification of all attendant key trends, as well as any portents of forthcoming changes. An appraisal of the structure of criminal offences committed by foreign nationals reveals that they fall most frequently (87% in total) within 5 key categories, i.e. 21% of convictions against the credibility of documents, 20% against public order, 18% against the safety of transportation, 15% fraud, 13% against property. Criminal offences falling within the scope of other legislative constraints that serve as the conviction basis against foreign nationals are encountered much less frequently and comprise primarily offences against: human life and health, the justice system, family and family care, sexual freedom, public security, environment, commercial endeavours, and against the Republic of Poland. There are also criminal offences whose characteristics fall within the scope of other legal classifications than those comprised in Polish Criminal Code, usually the following ones: the Polish Fiscal Penal Code of September 10, 1999 (Journal of Laws of 1999, No. 83, Item. 930), the Promotion of Sobriety and Prevention of Alcohol Abuse Act of October 26, 1982 (Journal of Laws of 1982, No. 35, Item. 230), the Health Protection Against the Consequences of Consumption of Tobacco and Tobacco Products Act of November 9, 1995 (Journal of Laws of 1996, No 10, Item 55), and finally, the Industrial Property Act of June 30, 2000 (Journal of Laws of 2001, No. 49, Item 508). The current policy of criminal convictions against foreign nationals does not substantially differ from the general trends in Polish penal policy. By far, most frequently the courts of law opt for a term of imprisonment with conditional suspension of its execution as a penal measure. The next option in line comprises a fine, and then comes an immediate custodial sentence, occasionally a restriction of personal liberty.2 It is clear that the key category of criminal offences for which foreign nationals ended up in Polish prisons were offences against property. In this particular category, most offenders had been convicted in pursuance of the provisions of Article 278 § 1, Polish Penal Code (theft), Article 279 §1, Polish Penal Code (burglary with forced entry), and Article 280 §1, Polish Penal Code (aggravated theft). The legislation in place provides for an opportunity to apply a diversity of punitive measures apart from the penalty itself, also as probation measures, or as preventive measures. The legislators clearly aimed for generally increasing the role and overall significance of punitive measures within the penal policy, although an overall body of convictions meted out against foreign nationals over the years 2004–2012 in Poland demonstrates that the courts of law were not particularly forthcoming in this respect, rather seldom ordering punitive measures against the perpetrators, and if so, they would usually reach out for the option of ordering fines and a driving ban, or a forfeiture of property. Statistical data taking into account the lawfully convicted foreign nationals, stratified by a specific type of criminal offence, gender, and punishment meted out for the principal offence, reveal that in 2005 there was a significant reduction in the number of punitive measures ordered by the courts. In fact, compared with 2004, their number decreased fivefold, and remained approximately at the same level throughout the following four years, whereas in 2010, a penal measure was ordered only once, none in 2011, and in 2012 – twice. The sentencing and penal measures policy pursued by the Polish courts, as addressed in the present study, was assessed not only at the level of statistical data made available by the Ministry of Justice, but also through meticulous research conducted on the court’s case files pertaining to foreign nationals whose cases had lawfully been closed, randomly sampled. Both the sampling methodology applied and the number of the records brought under study makes the results of this research project fully representative. Examination of the court’s case files yielded the results fully consistent with the results obtained on the basis of the statistical data obtained from the ministerial records, including in terms of the actual application of the penal policy against foreign nationals committing criminal offences in Poland, although certain exceptions were encountered with regard to the policies applied to the perpetrators of specific types of criminal offences. On the other hand, though, those seem to have much more in common with a particular type and nature of the offence itself, rather than the fact that it was committed by a foreign national. The conclusions drawn from the statistical data under study, as supplemented by a detailed appraisal of the court records, give sufficient grounds to believe that in its essence, the penal policy applied to foreign nationals residing in Poland does not differ from that applied in Poland at large.
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Crime in the subsequent adult life of former juvenile offenders. Selected aspects of the impact of political transformation in Poland on a return to delinquency by adults who were juvenile delinquents in the 1980s and 2000s

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Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2020
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issue XLII/1
97-115
PL
The article presents an analysis of repeated criminal activity by minors who committed criminal acts in the 1980s and in the year 2000. On the basis of long-term follow up studies carried out on representative groups, it presents the extent and nature of this type of crime, as well as the percentage of minors who continued their criminal activity. The source of data on the basis of which the analysis was made were answers to enquiries regarding criminal records in the the National Criminal Register. The comparison of the two generations of minors and their criminal career is interesting in the context of the social, political, economic and legal reality in which they began their criminal activity. Moreover, it is interesting to what extent the political transformation that took place in Poland at the turn of the 1980s/90s translated into repeating juvenile delinquency of the two generations brought up in different social realities. The thesis proposed by us assumes that the construction of a deviant identity is connected with a weakening in the social ties characteristic of the phenomenon of anomie, which accompanies sudden changes in our surrounding reality.   Artykuł prezentuje analizę przestępczości powrotnej nieletnich, którzy popełnili czyny karalne w latach 80 – tych XX wieku i w roku 2000. W oparciu o przeprowadzone badania katamnestycznych, na reprezentatywnych grupach, przedstawia rozmiary i charakter tego rodzaju przestępczości, a także wskazuje, jaki odsetek nieletnich kontynuuje aktywność przestępczą. Źródłem danych w oparciu o które dokonano analizy były odpowiedzi na zapytania o karalność pochodzące z Krajowego Rejestru Karnego. Porównanie dwóch pokoleń nieletnich i ich utrzymywania się w przestępczości jest interesujące w kontekście rzeczywistości społecznej, politycznej, ekonomicznej i prawnej, w której rozpoczynali aktywność przestępczą. Interesującym ponadto jest fakt, w jakim zakresie transformacja ustrojowa, jaka dokonała się w Polsce na przełomie lat 80/90 XX wieku przełożyła się na charakter powrotnej przestępczości nieletnich z dwóch pokoleń wychowanych w innej rzeczywistości społecznej. Proponowana przez nas teza zakłada, że budowa tożsamości dewiacyjnej jest powiązana z osłabieniem więzi społecznych charakterystycznym dla zjawiska anomii, które towarzyszy gwałtownym przemianom otaczającej nas rzeczywistości.
EN
The article presents an analysis of repeated criminal activity by minors who committed criminal acts in the 1980s and in the year 2000. On the basis of long-term follow up studies carried out on representative groups, it presents the extent and nature of this type of crime, as well as the percentage of minors who continued their criminal activity. The source of data on the basis of which the analysis was made were answers to enquiries regarding criminal records in the the National Criminal Register. The comparison of the two generations of minors and their criminal career is interesting in the context of the social, political, economic and legal reality in which they began their criminal activity. Moreover, it is interesting to what extent the political transformation that took place in Poland at the turn of the 1980s/90s translated into repeating juvenile delinquency of the two generations brought up in different social realities. The thesis proposed by us assumes that the construction of a deviant identity is connected with a weakening in the social ties characteristic of the phenomenon of anomie, which accompanies sudden changes in our surrounding reality.
14
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How Crime has Changed in a Universally Mobile Society, Based on the Example of Poland. A Research Concept

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Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Contemporary Central and East European Law
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2019
|
issue 1 (133)
161-170
EN
We live in a time of constant change. For modern societies, the period of the last 30 years is also a time of changes connected with the reconstruction of the surrounding reality. For Poland, it is also a period of changes in the political and economic systems. Such profound changes must also be followed by changes in the structure of crime. Technological changes and the mobility of societies are changing not only the methods but also the ways in which crimes are committed. New types of crime are emerging, while ‘old crimes’ are changing or disappearing. The aim of this article is to outline the above issues within the context of a planned research project on the analysis of changes in crime, using the example of Poland.
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Relapsing Into Crime Versus a Notion of Criminal Career in Polish Criminological Studies

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Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii
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2018
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vol. 25
191-196
EN
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences,has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies
16
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Relapsing Into Crime Versus a Notion of Criminal Career in Polish Criminological Studies

63%
Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
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2018
|
issue 25
191-196
PL
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies.   Zespół badawczy Zakładu Kryminologii INP PAN od 2017 r. prowadzi badania dotyczące mechanizmów powstawania i rozwoju karier przestępczych osób popełniających uprzednio czyny karalne w okresie nieletniości. Warto podkreślić, że przyjmowane w kryminologii defnicje powrotności do przestępstwa, kariery kryminalnej czy kariery przestępczej, są znacznie szersze od defnicji recydywy w znaczeniu jurydycznym, którą operuje polskie prawo karne. Punktem wyjścia do naszych badań jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jak defniujemy pojęcie „kariera kryminalna”. Na gruncie polskiego prawa karnego formalnie zdefniowano pojęcie recydywy a w nauce prawa karnego zdefniowano także pojęcie recydywy penitencjarnej. Kryminologiczne defnicje pojęcia „kariery kryminalnej” są jednak znacznie szersze i dość zróżnicowane. Teorie kryminologiczne, wpisane w trzy podstawowe paradygmaty: klasyczny, pozytywistyczny i antynaturalistyczny, w różnym stopniu odwoływały się do problematyki powrotności do przestępstwa i przestępczości wielokrotnej.Artykuł ma na celu syntetyczne zestawienie wybranych koncepcji dotyczących defniowania pojęcia kariery kryminalnej oraz zaprezentowanie defnicji sformułowanej przez nasz zespół badawczy na potrzeby dalszych badań w tym zakresie.
EN
The Criminology Department of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, has launched the study over criminal careers backgrounds and advances - of those who committed punishable acts of juvenile offenders. It should be stressed that definitions of relapsing into crime, or of criminal career, are much wider than those of recidivism in the meaning of the Polish criminal law. In this endeavor, we took the “criminal career” definition as our starting point. Polish criminal law strictly defines “recidivism”, while legal scholars moreover define the “penitentiary recidivism” (the one consisting in serving more than one custodial sentence/s). The definitions of “criminal career”, as formulated by criminologists, are however much wider, and also rather diverse. Criminological theories that arise from the three basic paradigms – classical, positivistic, and anti-naturistic ones – are to different degrees connected with the problems of relapsing into crime and repeated crime. In this paper we present some selected concepts to define the term “criminal career”, as well as the definition adopted by our research team to be used in further studies.
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Sprawozdanie z konferencji Europejskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego w Porto (2–5 września 2015)

51%
Buczkowski K., Wiktorska P., Woźniakowska-Fajst D., Martynowicz A.
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
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2015
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issue 22
141-148
18
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Profesor Anna Kossowska (7.03.1943–4.06.2019)

33%
Buczkowski K., Czarnecka-Dzialuk B., Klaus W., Rzeplińska I., Szulecka M., Włodarczyk-Madejska J., Wiktorska P., Woźniakowska-Fajst D., Wójcik D., Wzorek D.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2019
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issue XLI/2
7-14
19
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Profesor Zofia Ostrihanska (22.02.1926–24.11.2017)

33%
Buczkowski K., Czarnecka-Dzialuk B., Klaus W., Kossowska A., Rzeplińska I., Szulecka M., Włodarczyk-Madejska J., Wiktorska P., Woźniakowska-Fajst D., Wójcik D.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2018
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issue XL
5-9
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