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EN
Within organizations in industrialized countries, the quality of human resources tends to become a major issue on the path to achieving a competitive advantage. According to the author’s research, the implementation of the five-factor model of Costa and McCrae provides the solution for the abovementioned problem. This article demonstrates the crucial utility of the five-factor model of Costa and McCrae in the context of life insurance industry effectiveness from both the theoretical and practical perspectives based on a case study of the four largest life insurance companies 796 most effective agents. Results imply the existence of a positive correlation between the level of the selected personality traits intensities and the life insurance agent’s sales efficiency. Moreover, as levels of the personality traits of “openness to experience,” “consciousness,” “agreeableness” and “neuroticism” are the predictors of life insurance company effectiveness, there are fundamentals for induction to be appropriate for the whole retail financial sector human resources management system.
EN
The paper presents reinterpretation of function and image of an ivory disc found in 1972 at Ostrów Tumski in Wroclaw, Poland. The author suggests the scene presented on the disc depicts Hercules battling the Lernean Hydra, and the artifact itself is a fragment of a tric-trac pawn. The artifact supposedly originated in 12th century in one of workshops existed in northern France or Cologne.
EN
The article is a memory of Anna Radziwiłł. Apart from the descriptions of personal encounters with Anna Radziwiłł and common pedagogical and political work, including independent education movement, it also presents an analysis of her publications and works written together with the author of the text.
EN
In the southern part of the Woświn lake there is a vast peninsula called “the Devilish Causeway” by local people. On the peninsula there is located an archaeological site that was excavated by Alfred Rowe in 1934. During the research a stone construction measuring 10 x 11 m was found. Function of this feature had aroused controversy but in the end, W. Filipowiak’s hypothesis that these were the remains of a Slavic cult construction was accepted in the literature. Further analysis however of the archive materials has shown that the stone construction found by A. Rowe is not a Slavic cult construction but an underpinning of a wooden one- or more-storey building such as those built by medieval knighthood within motte-and-bailey castles or so-called “manor houses on a mound”. It is likely that its owner was a representative of the wealthy family von Wedel.
EN
Starogard Łobeski is a settlement situated about 8 km to the east of Resko on the east bank of the Rega river. Undoubtedly the area’s most interesting archaeological site from the Early Middle Ages, this well-preserved stronghold is located about 2 km to the south of Starogard. The feature has been known since at least the 1930s, and it has been excavated twice archaeologically. The first excavations were carried out by Adolf Stubenrauch in 1891 with further excavations being undertaken by Hans-Jürgen Eggers in 1938. This paper presents the results of this research which hitherto has not been widely published.
EN
The article presents results of the research undertaken in 2016 at a site in Prusinowo near Gryfice. The site was previously thought to be an early medieval fortified settlement. The results of the latest research indicate that it could be dated to the turn of the Bronze Age and Hallstatt period. The site is surrounded with a destroyed rampart and a shallow ditch (moat?) from the south and east, which suggest that originally a fortified settlement existed in this place. The unusual course of the fortifications, however, does not preclude a possibility of their modern origin.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of a ring with knot-like protuberances (Knotenringe) made of copper alloy which was discovered in 2000 at the early medieval settlement at Wolin 4. A few artefacts of this type are known from sites of the Oksywie and Przeworsk cultures, dated to phases A2–A3 of the younger pre-Roman period. Their presence is linked to the influence of Celtic oppida in Slovakia. The discovery of the ring on an early medieval settlement with no relation to older settlement gives grounds to consider it as a result of recycling and attempts to reuse the raw material.
EN
n 2017, the lower fitting of a sword scabbard, discovered some 500 m east of Lake Stęgwica near Gardzień, Iława district, was transferred to the collections of the Ostróda Museum. The artefact is damaged, but only superficially. Despite the degradation of some parts of the decoration, on the basis of the general shape, the legible parts and stylistic features, this object can clearly be classified as type Va in the typology of the Lithuanian weapon specialist Vytautas Kazakevičius. The chronology of the artefact spans the 11th–13th centuries. According to the authors, the Gardzień chape should be considered a product of Prussian provenance, or perhaps from Courland, which is suggested by a find from Siraičiai in Lithuania, with the closest analogous ornamentation. The place where the chape was discovered was, during the early Middle Ages, in the zone broadly understood as the Slavic-Baltic border. In this sense, it is possible to connect the context of the discovery to the tripartite division of Prussian territorial ties: tribal territory (Pomesania), land (Prezla) and the lauks (campus Schinewite). The presence of this artefact in the area of today’s Gardzień can be associated with the frontier character of this region in the Middle Ages and the resulting militarisation of the population forced to face neighbouring aggression more often than usual.
PL
Walory oręża podnosić miało m.in. sygnowanie, przy czym zabieg ten znajdował rozmaite realizacje: od umieszczenia pojedynczego piktogramu do złożonych układów w postaci napisów, ciągów literowo-znakowych lub bardziej złożonych motywów ornamentacyjnych, niekiedy o charakterze narracyjnym. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na możliwości interpretacji umieszczanego na głowniach mieczowych symbolu w kształcie “W”, niekiedy określanego w literaturze przedmiotu także jako “omega” “haftka”, “podkowa” czy “kabłączek skroniowy”. Zebrano informację na temat 32 mieczy, na których zidentyfikowano w sposób mniej lub bardziej pewny znak “W” (Polska – 7 egz., Finlandia – 5 egz., Niemcy – 4 egz., Rosja, Holandia – po 3 egz., Estonia, Anglia – po 2 egz., Białoruś, Czechy, Francja, Irlandia, Norwegia, Słowacja – po 1 egz.). Nie wykazują one tendencji do koncentrowania się w jakimś wybranym rejonie Europy, aczkolwiek większość z nich używana była w pasie północnoeuropejskim, grupując się przede wszystkim wokół wybrzeży Morza Bałtyckiego i Północnego. Analiza typologiczna wykazała znaczne zróżnicowanie formalne omawianego zbioru. Zwracają również uwagę szerokie ramy czasowe, zamykające się w przedziale VIII–XI w., przy czym większość okazów pochodzi z X–1. poł. XI w. Znak “W” znajduje się z jednej strony głowni, przy czym występuje on tam jako samodzielny (pojedynczy lub podwojony) motyw, ewentualnie w zestawie z innymi symbolami, bądź też w większej liczbie. Najczęściej mamy do czynienia z układem horyzontalnym dwóch zwróconych ku sobie zakończeniami “W”, pomiędzy którymi znajdować się mógł inny symbol, na ogół krzyż. Zdarzają się też konfiguracje bardziej złożone. Omega posiada dużą wymowę symboliczną w sferze religijnej, zwłaszcza w kręgu kultury chrześcijańskiej. Wyobrażenie jej na mieczu, zwłaszcza w połączeniu z krzyżem, wolno z dużym prawdopodobieństwem uznać za odnoszącą się do Boga symboliczną formę inwokacji, mającą sprowadzić na walczącego tak sygnowanym mieczem łaskę i ochronę Pańską. Intencją uwidocznienia tej sygnatury na głowni mogła być także chęć zamanifestowania przynależności religijnej posiadacza oręża. Z drugiej jednak strony należy liczyć się z magiczną wymową omawianej sygnatury, niezależną od pierwotnej intencji jej zastosowania. Niewątpliwie więc kwestia interpretacji “W” wymaga dalszych pogłębionych studiów, zmierzających do ustalenia, co stało się impulsem do sygnowania głowni mieczowych właśnie w ten sposób oraz jakie były uwarunkowania historyczno-kulturowe pojawienia się rozpatrywanego znaku na mieczach i dalsza jego recepcja.
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