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Socio-lingual Phenomenon of the Anti-language of Polish and American Prison Inmates

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Zarzycki Ł.
Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies
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2015
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vol. 8
EN
The aim of this paper is to compare Polish and American prison slang terms as well as their inmate codes. This paper is devoted to the phenomenon of prison subculture from the perspective of the Polish prison slang so called the secret grypserka language (from gryps – a slang word meaning a letter smuggled into or out of a jail). Grypserka is the anti-language of Polish prison inmates. Prisoners are people, too, like doctors, policemen and undertakers but when being in prison they lose their friends or often family and then there is nothing left for them but to learn words (grypserka slang) in order to communicate secretly with one another. Perhaps, nobody wants to be sentenced to prison apart from those who are broken-down. A lot of people regard imprisonment as the end of the world. In spite of their dislike or even fear of prisons, they do not close the way to experience power, wealth, sex and addiction. In order to gain so many conveniences, prisoners have to develop their language skills and learn grypserka which allow many desires to be met in their “second world” relieving the pains and inconveniences of incarceration. All in all, it was agreed that “the distinctive argot of inmates gives an insight into the institutions, preoccupations, and style of prison life” (Michaels and Ricks, 1980: 525). Unfortunately, the prison slang has a negative effect on the rehabilitation process because it carries subculture “essence” – rules and norms. It is due to unique expressions, words and phrases that the way of thinking and outlooks of the group members are shaped. When penetrating such a composite phenomenon as the prison slang one should take into consideration its specific attribute – secrecy – and, moreover, the fact that its chief goal is to fight against law.
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Wpływ form dialektalnych na angielszczyznę ogólną

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Zarzycki Ł., Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Humanistyczny w Radomiu
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
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2013
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vol. 047
EN
The Influence of British Regional Dialects on Standard English This paper is a short summary of the study of British accents and dialects over the last fifty years. The British achievements in this field are comparable to those in the United States. The aim of this article is also to present the Polish reader with differences that occur between local dialects and Standard English of the United Kingdom. I would also like to estimate the current state of research within dialects in the UK. The English language is all rich in slang words and phrases. This can be especially seen when analyzing everyday language of the average Londoner. Although England is a comparatively small country, the amount of dialects and regional variations is undoubtedly very diverse in the English-speaking world.
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The Concept and Purpose of Death in the Aeneid, Book 2

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Mianowski J., Zarzycki Ł.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2013
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vol. 2
67-73
EN
The article aims at analyzing the concept and purpose of death in the Aeneid, Book 2. In its premise, the concept of death presented within the poem reveals its ethnic, social and cultural tone. The deaths which close eight books of the Aeneid indicate the progress of a main theme: abdicate the past to defend the future. Initially, towards the closing of Book 2 Creusa dies: a loyal, affectionate wife and mother who is nevertheless to be replaced by a young bride chosen for political benefits. The modes and circumstances of the deaths elicit some immediate investigations: first, it seems meaningful that some die in the bloom of youth and others in old age; second, some must die as sacrifices to the gods; third, some are destined to die because they demonstrate furious difficulties to the completion of Aeneas’ duty. Before discussing the concept of death in Book 2 it is essential to introduce the reader into some considerations representing the structure and purpose of Book 2. The authors would like to thank professor Jakub Pigoń (Institute of Classical, Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, University of Wroclaw) for his guidance and insightful remarks throughout the process of writing of this article.
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