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Zapewnienie spadkowe na piśmie – rozważania na tle środków dowodowych z przesłuchania stron oraz przysięgi

100%
Wielgus K.
Forum Prawnicze
|
2020
|
issue 2 (58)
PL
EN
The article considers inheritance affidavit as a means of evidence in the context of changes introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts. This will apply in particular to the new Article 2711 of the Code. Pursuant to the mentioned regulation, a witness may give his/her testimony in writing under the conditions specified therein. The question arises as to the scope of the latter regulation, in particular whether it covers e.g. the evidence from the parties testimony and the inheritance affidavit. The analysis of these issues is historical and comparative in specific regarding German and French legal systems.
2

Umowne uznanie długu

100%
Wielgus K.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2020
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
199-284
EN
The contractual acknowledgment of a debt is widely recognised and applied in continental legal systems. However, there are great differences between them as regards the effects brought about by the above-mentioned legal act. One can distinguish three different legal models of the contractual acknowledgment of a debt. The distinction is made based on the effects such acknowledgment can bring about in certain legal system. First, the acknowledgment of a debt, as a stipulation in the Roman law, can create a new obligation, which is or is not independent from a prior obligation that is the subject of this acknowledgment (constitutive and abstractive or causal effect). Furthermore, there is also the type of the acknowledgment of a debt that does not create ‘new and (in)dependent legal obligation’, but that serves to settle a conflict. Both these subtypes can be classified as a substantive law model (I). This model has been applied in §§ 780 and 781 BGB (The German Civil Code). On the other hand, there is the acknowledgment of a debt that mainly impacts the civil proceedings – it specifically reverses the burden of proof or waives a party's pleas. This can be classified as a process law model (II). This model has been applied in the former Article 1132 CN (The Code Napoleon). The third and last model is based on both above-mentioned models and constitutes their combination (a substantive-procedural law model). It has been applied in Article 17 OR (The Swiss Obligation Code). The aim of this paper is to analyse which of the above-mentioned models of the contractual acknowledgment of a debt has been applied in the Polish Civil Code. In particular, it discusses whether the parties to such contract are able to create a new obligation (constitutive effect) and whether it is an abstractive or a causal one. The paper also contains the analysis of the declaratory and causal acknowledgment of a debt which is referred to in the German legal system as the Feststellungvertrag. It determines whether such subtype of a contractual acknowledgment is acceptable under the Polish Civil Code. Moreover, the paper also raises legal issues concerning the form and classification of the contractual acknowledgment of a debt and its impact on limitation.
3

Żądanie zapłaty równowartości rzeczy w powództwie windykacyjnym

100%
Wielgus K.
Rejent
|
2022
|
issue 11 (379)
74-111
EN
The practice of proprietary actions (for natural restitution of corporeal things) shows that the petitum of the lawsuits is formulated as a demand for a hand over of a thing and, in the event of the defendant's failure to comply with the first obligation, a demand is made for the payment of a sum of money equivalent to the value of the claimed thing. While it is clear that the legal basis for the first demand is Article 222 § 1 of the Polish Civil Code, the basis for the second (alternative or eventual) demand is unclear. At the same time, the question arises as to what are the premises of this demand, what is its content (scope), which court has local and material jurisdiction to hear this demand, what is the applicable law. In order to answer this questions, the paper examines the concepts of: 1) tort, 2) breach of obligation, 3) on unjust enrichment, 4) entitlement to substitutive performance, 5) offer of settlement agreement, 6) sui generis right to creditor's satisfaction, 7) a specific claim for payment in respect of damage to or destruction of thing.
4

Rezygnacja z mandatu przez członka zarządu spółki kapitałowej po nowelizacji z dnia 9.11.2018 r.

63%
Krokowski A., Wielgus K.
Rejent
|
2020
|
issue 5 (349)
65-100
EN
The paper contains a legal analysis of a resignation made by the last member of the Management Board in Limited Liability Company - in case that remaining mandates of the members of the Management Board are vacant - in accordance to the recent normative amendment form the November 9th, 2018 of Polish Commercial Companies Code from September 15th, 2000 (CCC). It is necessary to determine under the new article 202 § 6 of CCC e.g. to whom the resignation is adressed, what is the legal nature of the constituted legal premises of such, whether it is possieble to apply de minimis rule and some others. The Authors described the new regulation basing on the concept of legal condition (conditio iuris) and therefore proposed some solutions to the above problems. This subject matter of the paper is strongly important from the practical perspective. The legal analysis was preapered on the basis of a linguistic and comparative method of interpretation.
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