In this article the author presents some of the results from his dissertation, which he successfully defended at the University of Vienna in 2004, and which is soon to be published. The census of the population in 1771/72 was much larger than the previous census taken for military purposes and intended to serve as the basis for a new system of army recruitment. The numbering of buildings was carried out simultaneously. The census process was complicated and time-consuming, especially in Moravia. The census was supplemented by lengthy reports from the military bureaus about the social situations in individual countries, which present very strong criticism of the prevailing conditions in the monarchy. In some cases the numbering of buildings met with resistance from the population, whose comments are cited in the article.
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