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Komunikace versus systém, nebo komunikace versus model?

100%
Čech R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2005
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vol. 66
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issue 3
176-179
EN
This article is a reaction to M. Komárek’s essay Communication versus system? (1999) and is primarily concerned with the critical analysis of the dichotomic concept of natural language. In particular, the absence of empirical evidence for a language system (langue) is pointed out, which creates serious issues for the entire structuralist approach. That is, if it is impossible to have empirical experience with a language system (langue), it is thus impossible from the position of empirical science to make any sort of claim regarding the relationship between this system and concrete instances of speech. It is thus deemed necessary to reject the langue-parole dichotomy in linguistics. The aim of non-dichotomic linguistics is, then, to create models of the speech behavior of language users, not the reconstruction of a language system (langue). As natural language in actual communication is quite varied, these models will have a merely approximative character.
2
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Limity (nejen lingvistického) strukturalismu

100%
Čech R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2005
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vol. 66
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issue 1
19-31
EN
This paper deals with structuralism, its roots, general principles and limitations. It follows the evolution of the main structuralist notions (structure, system) in Schleiermacher’s and Humboldt’s theories of language and tries to explain the causes of the Saussurean langue-parole dichotomy. It argues that the ambiguous Saussurean concept of the sign offers interpretations and theories of natural language which differ from one another entirely. The development of the Prague School and Glossematics demonstrates modalities of solutions to important structuralist problems, in particular that of the relationship between an autonomous language system (or its theory) and the reality of dynamic speech. Philosophical structuralism stems from a “strong” interpretation of some passages from Course in General Linguistics and represents a kind of reaction to the development of natural science. Unlike natural science, structuralism aimed to discover invariant components of reality and aspired toward a complete explanation of the Universe. Neostructuralism has redefined some of the main structuralist notions and offered two very different ways of developing structuralist approaches. The first of these, represented by Deleuze, looks to “empty” basic structuralist notions. The second, represented by Derrida, leaves the main ideas of classical structuralism in the background of their radical interpretations.
3
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In search of a euphony unit : a case study in Czech 1830s poetry

51%
Místecký M., Čech R., Plecháč P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2019
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vol. 80
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issue 1
27-38
EN
The study examines selected samples of Czech 1830s poetry production through the prism of a quantitative conception of euphony. Stemming from Jan Mukařovský’s reflections on the topic, it tries to strengthen the notion through the creation of exact figures with intersubjective validity. To this end, the count of this property devised by Gabriel Altmann is utilized and innovated by a new unit – the consonant set – which endeavours to grasp the phonetic reality of language more effectively than the casually used concept of sound. The analysis proves the solid character of the new unit, shows interrelations between the two calculations, and proposes a few interpretations of the euphony situation in Czech poetry of the 1830s. Moreover, it demonstrates effective ways of displaying data results by means of scatter plots and cluster analyses. As a spinoff of the core idea, the paper also explores Mukařovský’s high evaluation of Mácha’s use of euphony.
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