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EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts from Chenopodium album L. on germination and early stages of triticale grains (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) and radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L.). Germination indexes, fresh and dry mass, water content and electrolyte leakage were measured. Studies revealed the different germination capacity of triticale grains and radish seeds, where increased concentrations of allelopathins in aqueous C. album extracts significantly inhibited seedling growth for both species. The extracts had an inhibitory effect on the growth of seedling fresh mass. An increase in dry mass of radish seedlings was demonstrated for each of the extracts and, for triticale seedlings, only at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.5%. Water content in triticale and radish seedlings varied depending on the concentration of allelopathins in the extract. With increasing concentrations of C. album extract, regardless of seedling type, a statistically significant increase in electrolyte leakage was observed.
EN
Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, which originates from North America. Tubers are characterised by high nutritional and energy values and can therefore be a source of food for humans and animals. The interest in tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. in the diet of man is primarily due to the content of inulin and fructooligosaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in them. In addition, it is a plant that is not demanding in agrotechnical conditions. Hence, the interest in cultivation this plant has increased. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the average yield of tubers and some morphological characteristics of plants. The study was conducted in conditions of a field experiment in 2016 at the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. Two varieties: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, were grown in the experiment with different fertilisation variants. Biochar from the coniferous wood industry and mineral fertilisers were used. The ‘Rubik’ variety yields better than the ‘Albik’ variety under tested soil conditions, and the combined use of biochar and the basic dose of mineral fertilisation gives the best yields in the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.
EN
The trophic activity of soil mesofauna, especially earthworms (the Lumbricidae family), is a key element in increasing the fertility of agroecosystems. Thee food strategies that earthworms use as part of the trophic networks in soil, and especially their food preferences, are still unknown. Much is known about what is the food substrate of earthworms, but the food preferences of individual species, as well as the possibilities and dynamics of food processing are not fully understood. The aim of the experiment was to observe the amount and dynamics of food uptake by the earthworms of the species Lumbricus terrestris L., which is a common species of soil Oligochaeta in agricultural areas, as well as to propose a new decomposition rate measuring the strength of the earthworm population and its contribution to the mechanism of processing plant organic matter.
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of copper and vanadium ions on photosynthetic activity of carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G. Martens) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Measurements of the total chlorophyll content were performed – the SPAD chlorometer and the basic chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were determined using the FMS-1 fluorometer – Hansatech. The studies used aqueous solutions of copper salt (CuSO4) and vanadium (H4NO3V), with molar concentrations: 0.6 mM, and 3 mM. The control group consisted of plants watered with distilled water. Both in carrots and in wheat, together with an increase in the concentration of heavy metal ions, a decrease in the content of chlorophyll was observed and significant changes in the activity of the photosystem were demonstrated II. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and only in D. carota subsp. sativus showed a statistically significant effect of 3 mM solutions of copper and vanadium ions on photosynthetic activity. In T. aestivum none of the heavy metal ions induced significant changes in the values of chlorophyll a fluorescence.
EN
In the whole world, researches are conducting on toxic effect of heavy metals on living organisms. The problem with heavy metal occurrence in the environment is not only associated with their toxicity, but also with their ability to accumulate inside living organisms. This study presents the effect of copper and vanadium ions on germination and growth of carrot (Daucus carota L subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G. Martens.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was carried out in two independent series with ten repetitions each. The water solutions of copper (CuSO4) and vanadium (H4NO3V) salts with the concentrations: 0.6 mM, 0.3 mM, 3 mM and 6 mM were used. The control groups were objects watered with distilled water. The conducted experiment showed that, the copper and vanadium ions had negative effect on germination and growth of plants. With the increasing of concentration of heavy metal ions an inhibition of seeds germination capacity was observed. The length of D. carota and T. aestivum seedlings in each salt solutions was inhibited, compared to the control group. During the growth phase, the stimulation of wheat leaves growth, only on copper solutions with concentration 3 mM and 6 mM was observed. Changes of a fresh and dry weight, and a water content were observed, depending on the copper and vanadium ions concentration.
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