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1

'Matejko, Our Master' and Anti-Semites

100%
Konstantynow D.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2007
|
issue 2(222)
164-198
EN
The article deals with the ties of Jan Matejko (1838-1893), one of Poland's most famous painters, with modern anti-Semitism. The first part discussed an anti-Semitic diatribe delivered by Matejko in 1882 at the Kraków Academy of Arts and its repercussions in Kraków and Warsaw (e.g., a defamation suit filed by the painter against Leon Eibenschütz and the publication of Józef Mochnacki's anti-Semitic brochure). In the next part, the author presents Matejko's attitude to Jan Jelenski and the 'Rola' periodical edited by the latter. In this journal, Matejko was consistently portrayed until his death as a Pole who is aware of the great threat coming to the Polish nation's material and spiritual existence from the Jews, and who for this reason was incessantly persecuted by 'united Jewry' and its stalwarts. Part three contains an analysis the anti-Semitic views of Matejko and the men who exerted a significant influence on his world outlook, i.e., Marian Gorzkowski and Józef Mochnacki. The opinions articulated by them about the Jewish question are presented in the context of modern anti-Semitism and the statements by its leading representatives. Part four discusses those Matejko paintings which prove the artists anti-liberal stance (the artwork in Lvov Polytechnic auditorium), and also revealing his negative attitude to the presence of the Jews in Poland ('Konstytucja 3 Maja', 'Przyjecie Zydów w roku 1096', 'Napad krakowskiego pospólstwa w XV wieku na Zydów').
2

PHOTOGRAPHY IN ARTISTIC LIFE OF INTERWAR VILNIUS

100%
Konstantynow D.
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
|
2006
|
vol. 31
143-152
EN
In interwar Poland the Vilnius art of photography was commonly recognised as the most important phenomenon of this kind at the time, and the photographic community of that town was considered to be one of the leading. The article attempts to describe the art of photography in the historical context as an important element of the artistic panorama of Vilnius in 1920s and 1930s. It presents the history of Vilnius photographic society, its organizations and their activity (exhibitions, editorial initiatives, public lectutres etc.).
3
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DECORATION OF WARSAW'S MAIN STATION: MONUMENTAL ART IN THE LATE-1930s

100%
Konstantynow D.
|
2007
|
vol. 69
|
issue 1-2
73-106
EN
The initiative launched by the Polish Minister of Communications near the end of the 1930s to have Warsaw's Main Station, then still under construction, decorated coincided with the issue then fervently debated of combining architecture with painting and sculpture. The creators of the winning design proposed as key element the figure 'Polonia' (symbol of State and Nation) holding above her head a stylised eagle against a background of figurative motifs adorning the interior walls, including 4.5 metre compositions of rearing horses. Some of the participants were accused by the judges of excessive symbolism. While two monumental bronze sculptures were to face Marszalkowska Street, a second competition was announced in January 1939 for decorating the 1st and 2nd Class waiting rooms and bar-restaurant, stipulating the requirement that all designs should be comprehendible for travellers without demanding excessive interpretive skills in the fine arts. The latter demand was very much in tune with the state-government initiatives taken at this time whereby 'common culture' was to take the place of the fine arts as a domain of the social elite. Even while the Main Station's internal and external decoration were never to see the light of day, the popularisation of the arts was to be continued under the post-1945 regime.
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