Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 5

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Ke kořenům sociálně psychologického modelu sociální stratifikace

100%
Mateju P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2005
|
vol. 41
|
issue 1
7-30
EN
This article, published in connection with the recent death of Otis Dudley Duncan (16 November 2004), sets out to provide a critical summary of the development - from its beginnings in the 1960s up to its final revision and modification in 1983 - of the socio-psychological model of the status attainment process. The article not only looks at the classic model of the social stratification process of Blau and Duncan, but also examines the influence of one of the founders of the socio-psychological branch of the study of social stratification, W. H. Sewell. Special attention is devoted to the development of the so-called Wisconsin model, primarily the work of William H. Sewell and his student, Robert M. Hauser, who, while as a student of Duncan also, considerably contributed to the use of structural modelling in sociology. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the main critical reactions to the socio-psychological model emphasising the 'allocational' paradigm of interpretation of the reproduction of social inequalities. The article should primarily help students of sociology gain an orientation in the massive amount of often poorly accessible literature on one of the most cited of sociology's 'products'.
2
Content available remote

INTERPERSONAL TRUST AND MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL EXCHANGES: MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSES

63%
Mateju P., Vitaskova A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2006
|
vol. 42
|
issue 3
493-516
EN
There are at least two significantly different approaches to the conceptualisation of social capital. Advocates of the most influential stream define social capital primarily as an attribute of societies, as an innate characteristic of the social environment based on the high degree of interpersonal and institutional trust facilitating people's co-operation. Adherents of the other stream define social capital in terms of mutually beneficial exchanges based on social connections and informal networks allowing individuals to achieve their own particular goals. The former approach prevails in 'western' countries, while the latter one prevails in the study of social change in post-communist societies where social capital drawing from interpersonal trust seems to be rather low. The aim of this article is to contribute to the conceptualisation and measurement of social capital, with a special emphasis on its role in post-communist societies. The authors attempt to develop a measurement model for the two distinct dimensions of social capital mentioned above. The measurement model for the two dimensions of social capital is developed and tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The authors proceed by testing the hypothesis that social capital defined as trust is only weakly linked to social stratification, while social capital defined as a person's involvement in mutually beneficial exchanges shows significant variation between groups defined by relevant stratification variables. The analysis was performed on the data from the Social Networks survey carried out in the Czech Republic in 2001 under the International Social Survey Programme.
3
Content available remote

Rozdílné mechanismy – stejné nerovnosti. Změny v determinaci vzdělanostních aspirací mezi roky 1989 a 2003

51%
Mateju P., Smith M. L., Basl J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2008
|
vol. 44
|
issue 2
371-399
EN
The article focuses on the changes in the determination of educational aspirations that took place in the Czech Republic during its social, political and economic transformation. The aim of the article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the changes in the stratification system after 1989, which were significantly influenced by changes in the causal mechanisms behind the formation of educational aspirations. Those changes in the determinants of educational aspirations were themselves largely driven by the expansion of economic returns to education and thus the increasing significance of education for life success. The empirical research is based on a comparison of data from the 'Family '89' (Rodina '89) survey conducted in January 1989 and the Czech module of the longitudinal survey PISA-L 2003. The analyses were carried out with the hypothesis that the social origin of the background family had a much stronger direct impact on the educational aspirations of adolescents in 1989, while in 2003 social origin had a much stronger indirect influence. The stronger direct impact in 1989 was due to the very limited access to higher education under socialism and the role higher education played in the reproduction of the cultural elite. But with the gradual expansion of, and the rapidly increasing returns to, higher education during the transition period, social origin began to have a largely indirect effect on aspirations, particularly through the value pupils began to place on higher education as a means of ensuring a higher degree of life success. The authors' empirical findings confirm the hypothesis about the change from direct to indirect effects and highlight the importance of researching educational aspirations from a historical point of view and in the context of social change.
4
Content available remote

DETERMINATION OF COLLEGE EXPECTATIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND STRUCTURAL FACTORS

51%
Mateju P., Smith M. L., Soukup P., Basl J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2007
|
vol. 43
|
issue 6
1121-1148
EN
Renowned international experts in higher education financing have argued that, owing to large government deficits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and efficient student financial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focusing on college expectations, the authors argue that the effects of ability, gender, and socio-economic background on college expectations are primarily shaped by the characteristics of secondary education systems, such as the degree of stratification and vocational specificity of secondary schools, while the principal characteristics of the tertiary education system, such as enrolment rates and the model of financing, play a much less important role. The results clearly show that, after controlling for the effects of secondary school system characteristics, cost-sharing, as such or by degree, does not affect the formation of college expectations by ability, gender, and socio-economic background as much as the selectivity of the secondary school system does.
5
Content available remote

CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORIGINS OF UNEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN ATTAINING HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIK (1948-1999)

51%
Mateju P., Rehakova B., Simonova N.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2004
|
vol. 36
|
issue 1
31-56
EN
The article addresses the development of higher education in the Czech Republic after 1989. Czech higher education has changed profoundly since 1989. The most significant structural changes in the Czech tertiary education system addressed in the paper are decentralization and diversification. With an understanding of the basic parameters of both the contemporary political and institutional reforms and those in effect prior to November 1989, the authors address the question of how inequalities in access to tertiary education have evolved in the Czech Republic. Authors have formulated a hypothesis, which claims that the period of stable inequalities in the years 1948-89 was replaced by a period of growing inequalities during the post-communist transformation (1989-1999). The study devotes the most attention to the cultural and socio-economic (class) dimensions of social origin and gender, and their influence on the chances of attaining higher education. The authors consider the comparison of the levels of inequality during the communist era and in the post-communist era to be of particular importance. Theoretically they have drawn on the work of Raftery and Hout (1996) and Hanley and McKeever (1997), who discovered that the chances of attaining higher education among individuals from families with a low social status can only increase on the condition that the demand for the given level of education has first of all been satiated among all the strata disposing of social and cultural capital. Using a loglinear analysis the authors modelled the influence of social origin on the chances of making a successful transition between secondary and tertiary education in the years between 1948 and 1999. The initial hypothesis of the growing influence of social origin on this transition in the period after 1989 was confirmed by the authors in their analysis of data. They see an explanation for this trend in the insufficient degree of expansion of the tertiary sector of education, which is incapable of satisfying the continually growing demand for higher education amidst circumstances in which socio-economic inequalities are on the rise.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.