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ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZATION SEEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHICS (Ekonomia i globalizacja w wymiarze etycznym)

100%
Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 2 (46)
20-36
EN
The period of the latest crisis (2008-2009) aroused an increased interest of the economists and politicians in ethical issues. On the one hand, their attention was focused on questions of a marked lack of moral principles which is said to be an essential source of causes of the crisis. On the other hand, however, that situation gave rise to a real insight into questions of fundamental nature showing ethics as a bond in social life. The crisis that occurred at the beginning of the 21st century shows that the market enforced a correction of strategies and gave a poor mark to the system of functioning of consumerist societies that live beyond their means and yield to advertisements and marketing. The present crisis should force us to revise the prevailing paradigms, it should enforce new systemic and institutional solutions, but above all it should initiate an honest discussion on sustainable global development. A unique character of the observed phenomena (when it comes to the universality and simultaneousness of their occurrence) indicates that the world of business is going to face tremendous changes and the theory of economics will have to cope with new challenges. World market economy drammaticaly needs new ideas and a serious interest in processes that occur on the economic, political and social plane.
2
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Globalizacja – dylematy etyczne

100%
Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 1(67)
PL
W artykule scharakteryzowano podstawowe czynniki sprawcze globalizacji oraz efekty ekonomiczne i społeczne postępującej dynamiki procesów globalizacyjnych. Analizie poddano aspekty etyczne zachodzących zmian. Omówiono przyczyny i konsekwencje kryzysu gospodarczego lat 2007-2009. Ukazano pokłosie kryzysu, w wyniku którego wystąpiły: spowolnienie wzrostu globalnej gospodarki, wzrost długu publicznego w większości państw świata, wzrost bezrobocia i biedy, a także przesunięcia w strukturze światowych liderów gospodarczych.
EN
The paper characterises the main causative factors behind globalisation, as well as the economic and social effects of this dynamic phenomenon. Analysed are the ethical aspects of observed changes. The reasons for and results of the 2007-2009 economic crisis are discussed. Also depicted is the aftermath of the crisis: the slowing down of global economic growth, soaring public debts in most countries around the world, increased unemployment and poverty, and a shift in global economic leadership.
3

GLOBALIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH VERSUS WEALTH TO POVERTY RATIO (Globalizacja, wzrost gospodarczy a relacje biedy i bogactwa)

100%
Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2008
|
issue 4(40)
109-133
EN
For over 30 years now globalization has been exercising a great impact on national economies. Global growth dynamics has always been closely related to growth in countries considered economically strong. This paper is set against the background of gradual, yet clearly noticeable changes in the global GDP breakdown with special emphasis put on the role the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will play during the next five years. The issue of each country's participation in generating the global growth is coupled with an issue regarding participation in profits of global growth as well as calls of reverse redistribution of profits earned only by several counties. The GDP per citizen reveals the truth about actual wealth of different nations as it outlines drastic differences in the quality of living among countries and regions of the world. Upon analyzing data for the past millennium it has been easy to draw a breaking line between wealth and poverty. Data regarding the population living below the poverty line (% living on less than 1USdollar per day) and its accumulation in certain regions of the world is positively shocking. These circumstances pose a viable threat not only to global economic balance but also to safety of nations.
4

GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION AS A CHALLENGE FOR ECONOMIC POLICY (Globalizacja i regionalizacja jako wyzwanie dla polityki gospodarczej)

100%
Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2009
|
issue 4(44)
156-176
EN
The article deals with a discussion on two trends in modern economy, i.e. globalization and regionalization and their relationship with the economic policy. Undoubtedly, both processes require an active economic policy on the part of governments which would allow to meet the challenge connected with the above mentioned processes. Research into economic systems confirm the idea that economic policy has always played a significant role in the achievement of a particular level of advance by a given country. So far, none of the schools of economic thought has expressed doubts concerning its very existence. However, we can speak of different degrees of state interventionism and different results of the adopted policy that is to say its effectiveness in achieving development and solving economic problems of the country. Global corporations appear to be especially tough partners for the state as they take full advantage of the rules of free market economy to intensify their income.
5

GLOBALISATION AND ETHICS (Globalizacja a etyka)

100%
Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2011
|
issue 3(51)
3-20
EN
The main focus of the article is to examine the position and role of ethics in the economically and politically globalised modern world. No one questions the necessity of ethical behaviour in all kinds of human activity, both in business and politics. Actions, however, are not always consistent with moral principles. The ever-expanding system of parliamentary democracy and market economy poses new challenges for individuals, societies and governments. Ethical issues are frequently subordinated to the overriding objective of solving current problems. At times, there is tacit approval of unethical conduct. The scale of this phenomenon increases as a result of globalisation. The 2007-2009 crisis highlighted the strength of globalisation processes and their interconnectedness. It also demonstrated the consequences of violating ethical standards (mainly by financial institutions). The growing debt of the global economy is a burden for future generations, and is caused by mistakes partly stemming from unethical behaviour. The spread of unethical practices is becoming one of the most acute problems of the modern world.
6

MACROECONOMIC MODELLING - NEEDS AND DILEMMAS (Modelowanie makroekonomiczne - potrzeby i dylematy)

63%
Barteczko K., Bocian A. F.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 4 (48)
130-151
EN
The article is a comment in a discussion on conditions concerning design and usage of macroeconomic models. Building of macromodels is determined by three elements: theory of economics, within the scope of which they are built, accessible modelling techniques, and sets of reliable numerical data. The use of macromodels results from the guidelines of economic policy, and their structure is determined by concrete current and future challenges connected with creating of strategic visions of economic development. In the article, the authors also highlight the dynamic of globalization processes which, together with the effects of the global crisis of the period 2007-2009, provide new perspectives for creators of macroeconomic models. In addition, the article provides numerous examples of model constructions and recommendations concerning utilization of model techniques in the process of making macroeconomic decisions.
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