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Bilateralizm czy multilateralizm – preferowane formy współpracy gospodarczej Indii oraz Pakistanu z Chińską Republiką Ludową

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Iwan J.
Studia Orientalne
|
2022
|
issue 3(23)
7-18
RU
Индия и Пакистан выбрали разные пути развития экономических отношений с Китайской Народной Республикой. Нью-Дели сосредоточивается на развитии экономических отношений с Пекином посредством сотрудничества в рамках многосторонних форматов, таких как Азиатский банк инфраструктурных инвестиций, в то время, как Исламабад предпочитает укреплять экономические связи в рамках двусторонних соглашений, в первую очередь с Китайско-пакистанским экономическим коридором. Цель настоящей публикации заключается в показании основных причин, по которым Индия и Пакистан отдают предпочтение различным формам экономического сотрудничества с Китаем. Анализ состоит из описания экономического профиля Индии, Пакистана и Китайской Народной Республики, а также краткого описания двусторонних и многосторонних проектов, реализуемых на линиях Нью-Дели-Пекин и Исламабад-Пекин.
EN
India and Pakistan have adopted different paths of developing economic relations with the People’s Republic of China. New Delhi focuses on advancing economic relations with Beijing through cooperation within multilateral formats, such as Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, while Islamabad prefers strengthening economic ties through bilateral agreements, with the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor at the forefront. This article aims to show the main causes why India and Pakistan favor different forms of economic cooperation with China. The analysis consists of the description of the economic profile of India, Pakistan, and the People’s Republic of China, as well as an outline of bilateral and multilateral projects implemented on the New Delhi-Beijing, and Islamabad-Beijing lines.
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Format Quad jako narzędzie Stanów Zjednoczonych w rywalizacji z Chińską Republiką Ludową

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Iwan J.
Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej
|
2022
|
issue 21
113-128
EN
In the last years, international tensions in the Indo-Pacific region have become more frequent and intense. Some of them are caused by the spectacular economic growth of the People’s Republic of China in the last 40 years, which implies Beijing’s increasingly assertive stance on the international stage and the growth of China’s military power. To counterbalance the growing power of the People’s Republic of China, Indo-Pacific countries will steadily increase their focus on opportunities to operate in the framework of multilateral formats. One of them is Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), which includes Australia, India, Japan, and the United States. The Quad group, due to the potential of its members, has a chance to become a format that will effectively inhibit China from potential aggressive actions in the Indo-Pacific region. However, because of the existing disparities within the Quad countries, as well as the ongoing rivalry between Beijing and Washington for world supremacy, the United States may use the format too instrumentally. The success of the Quad group in the future will be determined by US’s attitude related to the partnership-based treatment of the other three format members.
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