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PL
Currently, the concept of terrorism, which in recent years has intensified so much, it is still difficult to define, there are huge inconsistencies in both its defining and application. For many years, terrorism was linked with geographically and culturally distant countries, but the 20th and 21st centuries changed the face of this phenomenon, which did not resist globalization and has become one of the major problems that befits to face the modern world. The issue of terrorism, although investigated by many eminent scientists, and even though there are a great many scientific achievements in this subject, it is still a difficult problem and raises a lot of confusion of a legal-dogmatic nature, which the Author tried to highlight herein. The article presents the analysis of the concept of terrorism and illustrates the problems associated with the broad catalogue of definitions of this term. The main problems preventing continued unification of definition are presented. Furthermore, the text assumes the analysis of the legal state instrumental for combating terrorism, with particular focus on terrorist crime contained in the Polish Penal Code.
PL
The article provides an analysis of the notion of competitiveness as a legal category allowing the operation of the economy. Various understandings of competitiveness has been analyzed through examples from economic law, in particular from agricultural law. Both European and national legal acts were analyzed. It was noted that a functional interpretation was required to decipher the meaning of competition in the law. Its common understanding does not coincide with the specification of the legal definition of that concept. Such a situation can create uncertainty, particularly when increasing competitiveness determines the effectiveness of the funds spent.
PL
The article presents basic rules regarding to the evolution of legal mechanisms affecting the competitiveness of agriculture in Europe. Market mechanisms such as agricultural intervention, private storage subsidies or emergency aid measures have been analyzed. Author also pointed out the mechanisms whoch influence the profitability of agriculture, the level of unemployment, or the possibility of creating groups of agricultural producers. A possible framework was also defined for making analysis of the need to participate in the definition of European agricultural policy after 2020. It was pointed out that competitiveness and selection of legal mechanisms which can improve it, still would be one of the more important in this process.
PL
Currently, the concept of terrorism, which in recent years has intensified so much, it is still difficult to define, there are huge inconsistencies in both its defining and application. For many years, terrorism was linked with geographically and culturally distant countries, but the 20th and 21st centuries changed the face of this phenomenon, which did not resist globalization and has become one of the major problems that befits to face the modern world. The issue of terrorism, although investigated by many eminent scientists, and even though there are a great many scientific achievements in this subject, it is still a difficult problem and raises a lot of confusion of a legal-dogmatic nature, which the Author tried to highlight herein. The article presents the analysis of the concept of terrorism and illustrates the problems associated with the broad catalogue of definitions of this term. The main problems preventing continued unification of definition are presented. Furthermore, the text assumes the analysis of the legal state instrumental for combating terrorism, with particular focus on terrorist crime contained in the Polish Penal Code.
EN
The article addresses the basic relationship between law and economics on the example of the regulations contained in agricultural law. The analysis has indicated the mutual interaction of these two fields by codifying certain economic instruments in order to ensure the security of turnover and objectifying the distribution of aid funds deriving from the European budget. Regulations connected with the development of rural areas, greening policy or organization of a uniform agricultural market were subjected to detailed analyses. De lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates in the scope of possible changes and improvements were also raised.
PL
The article presents selected planned legal instruments for the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020. Special legal analysis has been made of mechanisms to increase the competitiveness of agriculture and preserve the elements of impact on the environment and climate. The analysis by observing the current evolution of the CAP and the effects of choosing individual legal instruments to implement it has been made. Recommendations regarding possible legal solutions on the basis of Polish law in the area of possible needs of farmers has been also included.
EN
The article addresses the basic relationship between law and economics on the example of the regulations contained in agricultural law. The analysis has indicated the mutual interaction of these two fields by codifying certain economic instruments in order to ensure the security of turnover and objectifying the distribution of aid funds deriving from the European budget. Regulations connected with the development of rural areas, greening policy or organization of a uniform agricultural market were subjected to detailed analyses. De lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates in the scope of possible changes and improvements were also raised.
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