Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 10

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article discusses folk music in Lodz developed in labour community and the changes it underwent from its birth in the 70’s of the 19th century. The unique characteristics of this music phenomenon were the street bands playing in the yards of tenement houses. They were strictly attributable to the Polish workers and not present among German and Jewish community. The repertoire included folk rural songs whose lyrics were often changed to meet the urban reality, and the popular radio songs, especially in the interwar period. After the World War II due to political changes and easy access to recorded music, backyard music bands stopped performing. The revival took place in the 20th century due to the arising interest in working class culture. The conditions and places where bands performed changed. The majority of them were sponsored by the state and presented reconstructed folk music. Some of them exist nowadays as relicts of old labour tradition.
EN
Prior to the First World War there were approximately 500 thousand German people living in the Kingdom of Poland, 75% of them living in the countryside. The majority of them perceived the national consciousness only in a sense of the common language and religion (confession). „The late awakening” of national consciousness was as a result of the war events. The large number of Germans gained wait-and-see attitude towards the political outcomes of the war. The most initiative branch of the Germans were so called ‘aktivists’. They felt responsible for the whole German community in the Kingdom of Poland. They constituted ‘Deutsches Verband’, which soon consisted of 20 thousand members, ‘Deutsch-evangelischen Landesschulverband’, ‘Deutschen Genossenschaftsverband’. The complete loyalty towards to the forming Polish state was publicly declared. Germans’ only claim regarded the right to use German language ‘at home, at school and in the church’. The forcing attempt of making the Evangelical-Augsburg Church a national church failed.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

O łódzkim tyglu wyznaniowym…

100%
EN
The article presents an analysis of two books depicting religious communities in the 19th century Lodz. The methodological approach, layout and content of the two monographs are discussed and carefully examined. The polemic remarks apply to the manner of description and interpretation as well as to the methodology and writing techniques. Attention is focused on the issues that need further and deeper study and on essential sources that need to be explored.
EN
The German community in Lodz cultivated traditional forms of spending time, common in their homeland. The most popular were choirs and up to 1914 there were about a hundred of them in Lodz. The number reduced to 50 between 1918 and 1939. Vocal art and choral singing played a significant role in preserving native language and reinforcing the community national feelings. The German singers associations were egalitarian, since they gathered members with various social backgrounds and vocations. The financial support of German Lodz manufacturers gave opportunities of managing and organising both church and secular choirs without restraints. The experienced professional conductors were hired to work with the singers. The vivid contacts with choirs from Germany were also held. Hence the choirs performed the greatest oratorical and choral musical masterpieces.
PL
Odszukane w zbiorach Gabinetu Rycin Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego rękopiśmienne plany wsi („kolonii”) założonych w latach 1799–1802 przez władze pruskie w okolicach Łodzi, stały się zachętą do przybliżenia ich historii. Na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych i literatury zrekonstruowano trudne początki gospodarowania sprowadzonych do nich osadników z głębi Niemiec. Scharakteryzowano przesłanki i omówiono czynniki pozwalające omawianym wsiom zachować układ przestrzenny oraz odrębność kulturową mieszkańców.
EN
Within 1799–1802 Prussian authorities created in the South Prussia province several villages inhabited with peasants brought from Schwaben. All of them were located in woodland and were to be reclaimed by the coming people. There are maps and plans preserved showing five of the villages hence it enabled more detailed description. All the villages, called colonies, had a linear and regular housing scheme. The amount of land given to the particular peasant was determined by his wealth. The area of the biggest farmlands was not bigger than 4 łan (67 h). Yet the most common were farmlands covering 5–15 h. All of the villages received help from the Prussian administrative offices and were given livestock, tools and seeds. After six years free of any chargé, settlers were obliged to pay rent. The expenses on forming the villages were never reimbursed since the South Prussia became a part of the Duchy of Warsaw and after 1815 a part of Polish Kingdom. The inhabitants preserved their cultural autonomy till 1945y. They were Lutherans and spoke Schwaben dialect difficult to understand even for other German settlers.
PL
Podjęta w latach 1823–1824 próba zorganizowania w Uniejowie osady fabrycznej i uprzemysłowienia miasta nie powiodła się. Wytwórczość bawełniana i lniarska, zainicjowana przez cudzoziemskich rzemieślników, nie znalazła odpowiedniego wsparcia ze strony władz miejskich i wojewódzkich. W artykule scharakteryzowano grupę pierwszych uniejowskich „fabrykantów” i zakres podjętej przez nich działalności oraz wskazano przyczyny niepowodzenia w industrializacji miasta.
EN
The attempt, made in 1823–1824, to organize in Uniejów a factory settlement and to industrialize the town, was not successful. Cotton and flax manufacturing initiated by foreign crafts - men did not receive sufficient support from the city and province authorities. The article presents the group of the first ‘manufacturers’ in Uniejów and the scope of their activities, and explains the reasons for the failure to industrialize the city.
EN
Rajmund Rembieliński (1774–1841), President of Mazovia Province Commission in 1816–1832, elaborated a new model of civil servant whose priority is public interest. Following the assumptions of economic liberalism, he flexibly adapted them to the conditions and needs of the agricultural country, far behind the Western Europe. Revealing such features as determination, obstinacy, uncompromising attitude and haste, he advocated projects whose implementation created foundations of building and developing textile industry in the Kingdom of Poland. Obeying financial discipline, he skillfully joined state control with promoting initiatives of private entrepreneurs. Aiming at system solutions, he warned against pathologies in economic life and showed how to eliminate them. He got personally involved in designing and town planning works in emerging industrial cities. He created and implemented a wide program of care over craftsmen coming to the Kingdom of Poland. He did not avoid mistakes while assessing expertise and financial possibilities of foreign entrepreneurs. However, it was a typical phenomenon for the countries starting to build capitalistic structures.
RU
Раймунд Рамбелински (1774–1841), исполняющий в 1816–1832 гг. функцию председателя Комиссии Мазовецкого воеводства, выработал новую модель государственного чиновника, целью которого являлось благополучие общества. Он принимал программу хозяйственного либерализма, әластично применял ее к условиям и потребностям земледельческой страны, отстающей по отношению к западной Европе. Проявляя определенные черты: решительность, твердость, бескомпромиссность, поспешность, он форсировал проекты, реализация которых создала прочный фундамент для строительства и развития текстильного производства в Польском Королевстве. Придерживаясь финансовой дисциплины, умело соединял государственный аппарат штатов с выдвижением инициатив частных предпринимателей. Стремясь к системным развязкам, предупреждал о патологии в хозяйственной жизни и подсказывал способы их решения. Принимал личное участие в работах, связанных с планированием и урбанистикой в новых растущих промышленных городах. Создавал и реализовывал широкую программу опеки над прибывающими в Польское Королевство ремесленниками. Конечно, не обошлось без ошибок в оценке профессиональных достижений и финансовых возможностей предпринимателей. Однако, такое явление было типичным для стран, развивающих свои капиталистические структуры.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.