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EN
This part of the report discusses three questions, included in the questionnaire about electoral behavior during presidential and local elections in 2010. First question asks about the time, when the voter made his decision for which candidate he would vote for in the First round in the Presidential election. Second question is about the factors, that decide in choos- ing particular electoral committee in Local elections and third - about the problem of how big and stable is negative electorate of Polish political parties. As can be seen from presented data, majority of voters was sure of their political preferences long before the beginning of Presidential campaign and those, who made their decision during it, in most cases, in it's first phase. The mobility of Polish electorate is reduced, also because of the largeness and mutual penetration of negative electorate and effectiveness of political agitation is also limited. Because of that voters political preferences are relatively stable, despite the Smoleńsk Crash and increasingly intense competition of party elites.
EN
In Poland between years 1990–2014, there have been seven elections, in which town and city councils were elected. Main goal of the article is to show the evolution of the municipal elections and their consequences. Also propositions for changes to the election system are provided with the simulations on what political effect they will have. In the article, some exemplary calculations are presented, which show the influence of many elements of the election system on the votes results.
PL
W latach 1990–2014 odbyło się w Polsce siedem elekcji, podczas których wybierano także rady dużych i średnich miast. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ewolucji systemu wyborczego na tym szczeblu samorządu. Omówione zostały konsekwencje wprowadzonych rozwiązań i propozycje zmian w systemie wyborczym. W artykule przedstawiono przykładowe wyliczenia, które pokazują wpływ różnych elementów systemu wyborczego na wyniki rywalizacji w wyborach do rad miejskich. Zaprezentowano także symulacje, które przedstawiają polityczne konsekwencje proponowanych reform systemu wyborczego do rad średnich i dużych miast.
EN
This part of the report describes two problems: evaluation of the activities of reeves, mayors and presidents of cities and the problem of representing the interests of the residents by local governments. In a survey conducted in late 2012, we decided to verify two hypotheses. By the first, trust in local government results from the positive evaluation of reeves, mayors and presidents of cities activities. Second hypothesis assumes that trust is founded by the belief of the local community members, that the local governments represent their interests. The results indicate that the majority of the respondents are restrainedly satisfied with the activities of their reeves, mayors and presidents of cities. However, the majority of respondents said that local governments do not represent their interests.
EN
This part of the report describes two problems, which were included in both questionnaires from 2010 and 2011. First issue asks about the time, when the voter made his decision for which political option he would vote for. Second problem concerns about factors, which determines for which candidate, he would choose. In 2010 we research this problem in reference to Local election. This time our questions refers to candidates in elections to Sejm and Senate. We wanted to verify the trends we observed in Local and Presidential elections in Parliamentary election. Obtained data in great part confirms conclusions from previous researches. Once again it turned out that majority voters was sure of their political preferences long before the voting, so they weren’t susceptible to electioneering. Another observation, which was confirm by the researches made in the end of 2011, relates to limited effectiveness of electioneering on voter. Our researches don’t show any greater differences in factors, by which voter made his decision for which candidate he vote for in Parliamentary election.
PL
Badania identyfikacji, postaw i zachowań wyborczych należą do najpopularniejszych płaszczyzn analizowania politycznej partycypacji obywateli. Prezentowany tekst jest raportem z badań realizowanych w ramach projektu “Political preferences: Attitude – Identification – Behavior” w latach 2009–2014. Omawia on główne założenia i kierunki badawcze, stosowane narzędzia oraz uzyskane wyniki. Przedstawiany projekt badawczy ma charakter ogólnopolski i jest realizowany na reprezentatywnej próbie wyborców.
EN
Research on electoral identifications and attitudes and voting behavior is among the most popular planes of analysis of the citizens’ political participation. The presented article is a report from research carried out in the framework of the project “Political Preferences: Attitude – Identification – Behavior” in 2009 – 2014. It discusses the main assumptions and research directions, the tools used and, finally, the results obtained in the project. The presented research project is of a nationwide character, and is conducted on a representative sample of voters.
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