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EN
Conciliarism is the theory of the supremacy of the Council over the papacy. The study investigates whether such ideas were known in Bohemia. It traces the environment of the court of Wenceslas IV, the role of the University of Prague, Hussitism with its Wycliffian definition of the Church, and the period after the conclusion of the Compactata and during the reign of George of Poděbrady. The knowledge of conciliarist theories in Bohemia is a fact, even if their development and application did not take place on Bohemian soil. The Czech lands were not a fertile ground for Conciliarist ideas, yet at certain moments the Czech environment reached for Conciliarist arguments.
EN
The author proposed only some hypothesis that can be regarded as starting point for further research. The creation of the bishopric of Wroclaw as an administrative and organisational unit preceded and quickened consolidation of the state. It played a sigificant role in a process of integration. The structure of the bishopric corresponded with the divisions made by the state what could lead to disintegration, but it was not of such a decisive role. Bishop himself was a leading person among local dukes. He reached such a politival position that could influence events beyond the region's borders. During the first phase he consolidated the region with the Polish authorities. During the second phase he emancipated himself as a duke. During the third phase he became a leader of local dukes and a main supporter of the Bohemian authorities. At late Middle Ages, supported by curia, he fought against the Bohemian King-heretic. Subordinating of the bishopric to metropolitan bishop in Gniezno was not followed by disintegration within the Bohemian Crown, though it was the way to balance the pressure experienced by the Silesian church hierarchy from the King of Bohemia. The church orders came to Silesia from outside and lots of them were connected with foreign centres originally and in contemporary activity. Gradually, however, they put down new roots in the region, and contributed to its territorial safety (by colonization and confirming the borders), forming its identity (by monastic historiography) and political attitudes (especially during the critical period of schism and religious wars).
EN
This paper deals with Nicholas of Cusaʼs attitude towards Islam. It summarizes the content of his texts De pace fidei and Cribratio Alcorani, referring to the latest publication output and conference undertakings on this subject. It also recalls the background to Cusaʼs attitudes and the similar views of his contemporaries (John of Segovia). It also refers to the figure of the Czech (Bohemus) among the debaters in De pace fidei and inquires into his role in this work.
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