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The paper offers a view on Hannah Arendt's understanding of the political, and hence of the factors (structural rather than historical) that destroy true politics and human dignity. Her interpretation of a mass society is discussed as the result of confusing private and public spheres. In its fully-fledged form this results in totalitarian movements, which homogenise individuals thereby corrupting the political dimension of the common world. The author attempts to explain this process.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the mediaeval figure of a king and his power as a subject blessed with two kinds of body: a natural and a community body (political and, in a sense, a mystical one). The author of the text describes numerous changes in the understanding of a king’s power in the mediaeval centuries. The considerations of the essence of the figure of a mediaeval king are placed in the context of the ideas of contemporary political thinkers in order to show that politics needs symbols in all times. The symbolic character of a king is understood as an immortal and divine horizon; even if a king’s power was understood at that time in secular terms, it did not follow the desacralization of the person of a king. A mysticism of a king’s dignity was becoming less and less traditionally religious, but it was still a mysticism.
EN
The paper outlines Cornelius Castoriadis’ philosophical view on a theory of democracy. The French thinker offers an original and, well, controversial definition of democracy, obviously divergent from its common understanding. His writings allow for an interpretation of democracy as not just a way of a government or a form of social organization but first of all as a form of consciousness or (generally) a state of mind.
EN
The aim of the article is to elucidate the problem of happiness in Albert Camus' reflexion. Analysing Camus' work, the author makes an attempt at finding out possible forms of affirmation of man in the world of indifference, illusion, nonsense and shows the way in which the Camus' man should choose to rejoice at his own existence. This way starts from an act of understanding the absurd, next it leads to a revolt, and finally arrives at the choice of real life and the experience of true happiness in deep connexions with other people.
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