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1

FRANCOUZSKÁ FENOMENOLOGIE A EXISTENCIÁLNÍ ANALÝZA

100%
Hlavinka P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
40-48
EN
The paper is an interdisciplinary study, which describes the results of applying phenomenological analysis in Sartre's analysis of being, as well as the main emphases in Merleau-Ponty's explorations of body/consciousness problem. It also shows the possibilities of applying the phenomenological approach in psychotherapy, in particular in the logotherapy of Victor Frankl. The author's intention is to show the relationship between the intentional consciousness with its possibilities and limits and the conception of phenomena, which differs strongly with the respective thinkers. While for Sartre the phenomenon is a means of self-alienation and for Ponty is a means of embedding the embodied consciousness, for Frankl the phenomenon is a medium of meaning for the intentional consciousness itself.
2

MYŠLENÍ SVOBODY U MARTINA HEIDEGGERA

100%
Hlavinka P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2024
|
vol. 79
|
issue 3
290 – 302
EN
In Being and Time it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of release (Freisein) and freedom (Freiheit). The term "release" refers to the facticity of Dasein, that is, the provision of a field of orientation for Dasein in being-in-the-world, and "freedom" refers to its existentiality, that is, the authentic grasping of this field in the form of one's own projection (Entwurf). There seems to be no place for the traditional notion of freedom. In spite of this impression, the author of Being and Time leaves us in no doubt that the notion of freedom in the sense of liberum arbitrium is inseparable from existential analytics. After the turn in Heidegger's thought, Being (Sein) is no longer thought from the position of a modern subjectivism transformed into Dasein. It is not we who think Be-ing (Seyn), but Be-ing itself thinks us. It is not we who are free, but Be-ing itself realizes its freedom through us.
3

Analysis of Psychic Structures in Selected Spiritual and Religious Concepts Part I Ancient Egypt and India

100%
Hlavinka P.
Aplikovaná psychologie/Applied Psychology
|
2024
|
vol. 9
1398-1412
CS
V první, ze tří předpokládaných sérií statí, prezentuji nauky o pojmu duše, přesněji o psychických strukturách, jak je lze nalézt ve starověkých nábožensko-spirituálních koncepcích starého Egypta a Indie. K analýze tohoto pojmu jsem využil zejména původních textů a jejich překladů s komentáři: Texty pyramid a Egyptské knihy mrtvých, respektive v části věnované indickému starověku především Upanišady, spisy Šrí Šankary a Guru Padmasambhavy. Výsledkem zkoumání je zjištění značných analogií týkajících se původu duše jakožto oživujícího a formujícího prvku lidské osobnosti, která předchází hmotný, fyziologický organismus člověka. Fyzické tělo je tedy vnímáno jak u starých Egypťanů, tak v koncepcích klasické indické spirituality jako časná a přechodová část existence duše, která má koneckonců parametry transpersonální povahy mířící do oblasti nepomíjivého božského zdroje. Psychologie jakožto nauka o duši a její pravé podstatě je zde zároveň ukázkou i původní psychoterapie ve smyslu péče o duši tváří v tvář lidské smrtelnosti.
EN
In the first, of the three anticipated series of essays, I present the doctrines of the concept of the soul, or more precisely of psychic structures as found in the ancient religious-spiritual concepts of ancient Egypt and India. To analyze this concept, I have used mainly original texts and their translations with commentaries: The Pyramid Texts and the Egyptian Book of the Dead, respectively, and in the section devoted to Indian antiquity mainly the Upanishads, the writings of Sri Shankara and Guru Padmasambhava. As a result of the investigation, considerable analogies are found concerning the origin of the soul as the animating and formative element of the human personality, which precedes the material, physiological organism of man. Thus, the physical body is perceived both in the ancient Egyptians and in the concepts of classical Indian spirituality as the temporal and transitional part of the soul's existence, which ultimately has parameters of a transpersonal nature directed towards the realm of the imperishable divine source. Psychology as a science of the soul and its true nature is here also an example of indigenous psychotherapy in the sense of soul care in the face of human mortality.
4

GYMNOSOFIA – MOUDROST NAHOTY

63%
Jirásek I., Hlavinka P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 7
683-690
EN
The paper asks the question, whether nakedness embodies a potential wisdom. It deals with two different approaches to the phenomenon of nakedness: the first one rejecting, the second one appreciating the corporeality. The authors show different meanings the various cultures and civilizations attributed to nakedness, e.g. nakedness as a religious symbol of social subordination or belittling (Mesopotamia, Israel) or of a specific national dominance (Greece). Attention is paid also to the meanings of nakedness in Jainism, where the nakedness is a symbol of non-possessiveness; in Christianity, where the approach to nakedness is ambiguous; in tantrism with its vision of a person with numerous bodies, where the role of nakedness and sexuality is seen in cosmic context. Thus the meaning of nakedness remains multiple, depending on its context and visualization. The authors reject the pornography culture of contemporary society in favour of gymnosophy as the hierophany of the naturalness of nakedness.
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