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1

Kultura fizyczna a bezpieczeństwo

100%

Ambroży T.

Zeszyt Naukowy Apeiron

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2011

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issue 6

247–263

EN

At the beginning of this article, the author explains, what “safety” means in a securitology context (science of security). He claims, that it should be a major element of physical culture science and sport theory. It’s about two trends of physical culture securitology – one is looking for safety in sports, and the second one wants to use physical culture to prevent different types of threats (both: inner – individual and outside – collective safety). One of many physical culture’s goals is to aim for efficient human body. By its help, we become humans, that can unleash the strength to maximize our psychophysical effectiveness. Through physical exercise we shape up our fitness. In basic range, its enough to satisfy individual’s needs, which are related to everyday life. It influences the people’s work, both physical and mental. This kind of activity allows to rebuild physical strength lost by the illness, free from stress and prepare human body for overcoming adversity. Organized physical activity is also an element, which brings people together. It satisfy the need of social participation and appreciation (or rivalry). What is equally important – it allows to get perfection, both corporal and psychophysical. The most important thing is that sports activity should not be make any threat by itself. It should be safe. Physical culture influences self-control, what leads to self-improvement.

2

Modernity, Tradition and Security in Budo Karate

63%

Ambroży T., Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2013

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vol. 9(9)

42-60

EN

The authors describe budo karate as one of the aspects of safety culture. Nowadays, there are three pillars of karate: traditional karate, sports and self-defense. Karate is a particular feld of physical culture that forms the foundation for all three pillars of safety culture: the mental, organizational and material pillar. Karate meets the modern expectations of increasing the quality of life, feeling of security and protection against the dangers of the modern world. The authors also note that all style karate is a system that symbiotically combines tradition with appropriately construed modernity, while simultaneously enabling self-fulfllment.

3

Dispositional group and special fitness in hand-to-hand combat. Kickboxing exercises and profiled circuit training

51%

Ambroży T., Piwowarski J., Nowak M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2013

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vol. 10(10)

73-82

EN

This article is a result of researches concerning influence of the elements of kickboxing and profiled circuit training on the overall fitness of members of dispositional groups, such as antiterrorists. Taking into account the special features necessary for such people, for the experiment we chose exercises that are the best to develop them. Members of dispositional groups need special preparation so they could efficiently fight with the offenders, who threat the security. The research experiment described is of interdisciplinary character, as it regards an interdisciplinary branch of studies – securitology. Security studies, to develop the security culture, must be based on empiric researches and consists of practical elements, as there is no place for speculative theories of doubtful quality here. Therefore researches on special preparation of dispositional groups are of great importance.

4

Changes in the Physical Endurance of Kickboxers in the Preparatory Phase

51%

Ambroży T., Kwiatkowski A., Mucha D., Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 18(18)

80-91

EN

The aim of the paper was to analyze: training effectiveness in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory period, changes in contestants’ motor abilities in the preparatory period, to compare the level of selected parameters of anaerobic capacity measured by means of Wingate test and aerobic capacity measured by means of Beep-test of kickboxing contestants with the results of contestants training similar martial arts. The research has been carried out on three contestants of UKS Gladiator Club who achieve high sports results. An analysis of obtained results shows that the training employed in the preparatory phase has been appropriately planned and effective enough. Both aerobic and anaerobic capacity in the preparatory phase has increased significantly. Anaerobic capacity of the examined contestants is higher than capacity of the contestants in the control group. Their aerobic capacity, on the other hand, is lower than in the control group. When planning further training in the future greater attention should be paid to developing aerobic capacity.

5

The influence of a training programme on the special physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees

45%

Ambroży T., Nowak M., Mucha D., Chwała W., Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2014

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vol. 12(12)

178-186

EN

The purpose of training in ju-jitsu is developing characteristic adaptation to physical activity and optimizing body functions so as to obtain maximal achievements. A means to an end is mastering the fighting technique and develop the essential level of special physical fitness. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of a modified circuit training conducted according to an original program on level of special physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees. Ju-jitsu trainees having similar somatic parameters and training experience (3-5 years) were included in the research. 30 participants between the age of 21 and 28 have been selected by means of a purposeful selection. On the basis of different variants of a circuit training and governed by the guidelines of a functional training for trainees, we have developed a training programme which aims to develop special strength, stamina and speed skills. STATISTICA PL software was used to compile the results. In order to determine statistical significance of differences between pre- and posttest measurements in the evaluated group of Ju-Jitsu contestants, a t-test for related groups was used. In conclusion, the proposed training programme proceeds at a high level of intensity, which resembles start activity (which is indicated by the heart rate frequency measurement and lactic acid blood concentration) and may be used in ju-jistu training. The experimental training programme has exerted positive influence on the participants’ with respect to the number of movements made, which can affect their effectiveness in fight.

6

An analysis of the skiing accidents that happened on the slopes of the Kasprowy Wierch

45%

Mucha D., Ambroży T., Mucha T., Bornikowska A., Papierz A.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2014

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vol. 11(11)

192-201

EN

Injuries are much more often incurred by those who practice sports recreationally, which is probably caused by the lack of proper physical fitness and violation of the safety rules, as well as by the fact that mass sports attract much more people. The majority of dangerous, injury-prone situations in skiing are also generated by technical errors, lack of proper coordination, poorly fitted or faulty equipment. Although an accident is defined as a series of causes and circumstances that are difficult to anticipate, a considerable reduction of the number of sports accidents involving the locomotor system while skiing is possible, e.g. by promoting safety rules and analysing accidents that happen on the slopes. The characteristics of skiers' safety and injury rate have been developed by way of analysing skiing accidents that required rescue team interventions. The analysis comprised 90 skiers from the Kasprowy Wierch; 42 women (46%) and 48 men (54%) who were involved in skiing accidents in the 2008-2009 season, on the basis of accident sheets from the 2008-2009 season routinely delivered to the TOPR (Tatra Volunteer Search and Rescue) stations, which were made available to us.

7

The Location of Points Within the Chinese Macrosystem in the Zone of Reflexology of the Microsystems of Feet and Hands

45%

Mucha D., Ambroży T., Mucha T., Chudyba K., Latinek K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 18(18)

92-104

EN

Purpose: The aim of the research was to reflect the location of Biologically Active Points (BAP) in microsystem of feet and hands reflex zone. Methods: We analised the database, including the Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, etc. on microsystems of hands and feet. The results of the Chinese Reflexology points locations of feet and hands microsystems are shown in the tables. Results: In the hands microsystem there are 46 points, and in the feet microsystem we located 70 points from the 12 meridians. In the feet and hands microsystem there are 22 independent points, 8 of which are located in the feet reflex zone, and 14 in the hands reflex zone. Conclusions: In the reflex zone of the ,,own organs” there are three BAP points − KI1 kidneys meridian points are situated on the sole side of the right and the left foot and the heart meridian point HT8 which is located on the left palm side. It turned out that the majority of Chinese points located within the reflex zone of feet and hands, are located outside the reflex zones of their organs.

8

Training Load and Training Effectiveness in The Preparatory Phase by the Case of Kickboxing Fighters of UKS Gladiator Club

45%

Ambroży T., Kwiatkowski A., Mucha D., Wrześniewski K., Piwowarski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 17(17)

142-156

EN

The aim of the paper it to analyze the effectiveness of training of fighters of UKS Gladiator Club in the preparatory phase and to analyze training loads used during that time. Participants included a group of 12 fighters of UKS Gladiator Club who have achieved high sports results – this group includes medalists of Polish Championships and of the Cup of Europe. Test were carried three times in the preparatory phase. Physical fitness parameters have been evaluated by means of selected tests of EUROFIT testing battery. Summing up, it should be noted that an important cognitive element of the research carried out is an observation of improvement of the level of physical fitness in case of the majority of investigated features, which was the intended effect of training in the preparatory phase. The adopted training load has caused an average increase of investigated parameters, which proves training effectiveness.

9

The influence of an original training programme on the general physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees

39%

Ambroży T., Nowak M., Mucha D., Chwała W., Piwowarski J., Sieber L.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 4

69-76

EN

Aim. Ju-Jitsu is a discipline which has a high level requirements when it comes to trainees’ motor skills preparation. Great changeability of actions in the course of fight makes it necessary to develop the strength of shoulders, legs, back, stomach and forearms. The aim of this study was to determine the scope of influence on selected somatic features and the level of physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees taking part in a modified circular training that is an original programme as well. The conducted research allowed to formulate the following research questions: 1. Has the experimental training programme influenced the level of the participants’ selected somatic characteristics? 2. Does the experimental training programme influence the level of strength, speed and stamina skills in the group of ju-jitsu trainees? Method. In the study ju-jitsu trainees (N = 30) characterized by similar somatic parameters have been included. In the course of participant verification the following assumption was made: participants have to be males who have been training actively for at least three, but not longer than five years. Experimental training programme based on the circuit method were used. STATISTICA PL software was used to compile the results. Results. The original training programme has exerted positive influence on the participants’ level of selected somatic characteristics and has contributed to the improvement of the level of strength, speed and stamina skills of ju-jitsu trainees. Conclusion. The proposed training programme may be implemented as strength training in ju-jitsu training in the preparatory period.

PL

Ju-jitsu jest dyscypliną, która stawia bardzo wysokie wymagania, w zakresie przygotowania motorycznego zawodników. Duża zmienność działań podczas prowadzonej walki powoduje konieczność wypracowania siły ramion, nóg, grzbietu, brzucha oraz przedramion. Celem pracy było określenie zakresu oddziaływania na wybrane cechy somatyczne oraz poziom sprawności fizycznej zawodników ju-jitsu zmodyfikowanego treningu obwodowego według programu autorskiego. Badaniami objęto zawodników o podobnych parametrach somatycznych. Podczas weryfikacji uczestników postawiono założenie, że muszą być to mężczyźni z minimum trzyletnim, ale nie więcej niż pięcioletnim, stażem aktywnego trenowania. Autorski program treningowy wpłynął na poprawę poziomu wybranych cech somatycznych oraz zdolności siłowych, szybkościowych i wytrzymałościowych zawodników uprawiających ju-jitsu. Proponowany program treningowy może być implementowany jako trening siłowy w treningu ju-jitsu, w okresie przygotowawczym.

10

A Proposal for Special Kickboxing Fitness Test

39%

Ambroży T., Omorczyk J., Stanula A., Kwiatkowski A., Błach W., Mucha D., Kędra A.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 20(20)

96-110

EN

The aim of this study is to evaluate validity and reliability of a new special kickboxing fitness test. The test can be also useful in such combat sports as karate, taekwondo, ju-jitsu and MMA. The study group was 25 elite level athletes from the KS Gladiator club in Grybów. The test was repeated in the same group for three times. In order to evaluate test reliability, test results were compared to the results obtained by study participants in two special fitness tests proposed by Sterkowicz1 . The statistical analysis of the results was also performed. The analysis of the results presented in this study shows that the specific character of the movements typical of the kickboxing fight justifies the introduction of the tests based on kicks and punches to the test battery that evaluates special fitness. Furthermore, the new special fitness test proposed in this study can be used for selection and interpretation of the achievements of kickboxers since it offers a reliable, valid and user-friendly research tool.

11

Most Common Injuries to Professional Contestant Karate

39%

Ambroży T., Mucha D., Czarnecki W., Ambroży D., Janusz M., Piwowarski J., Mucha T.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2015

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vol. 16(16)

142-164

EN

Aim: The aim of the study is an attempt to answer the question whether a long-term karate practice exerts influence on the incidence of injuries and what its type and underlying cause. Methods: The research was carried out in July 2013 in Cracow during a karate training camp. 125 people from Poland participated in the study. The participation in research was voluntary and people were informed about its aim and application. The average age was 37,6 ± 11,3 years. The youngest participant was 15 and the oldest 57. Median age was 39 which means that half of participants was not older than 39 and the other half was at least 39. Questionnaire techniques were used in the study. The research tool used to implement the selected technique was survey questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 23 open- and close-ended questions. Results: As results from own research, the greatest number of competitors (38) have suffered from contusion (47,1% of all injury types). This injury types constitutes almost half of all injuries. Among all injury types karate contestants suffered from last year, the most common were contusions (25,6% of all injuries). Conclusions: Karate training is not related to any serious injuries apart from contusions which at the same time are most common injury in this type of training. Contestants’ and training experience are not directly related to injury incidence. An appropriately organized, rational training and using prevention enables to avoid injuries. Circumstances of injury incidence change with contestants’ age and training experience.

12

Identification of risks within body posture by means of analysis of selected somatic characteristics

39%

Mucha D., Ambroży T., Wojtala J., Ząbek M., Szczygieł A., Piwowarski J., Żaba K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2015

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vol. 14(14)

100-106

EN

Introduction: The aim of the research was to evaluate the relationship between selected body parameters and posture in a group of lower secondary school students. The formulated hypothesis assumed that body mass does not influence the posture of teenagers aged 14–16. Materials and methods: The research included a group of 73 students aged 14–16, including 42 boys and 31 girls. The research was conducted by means of a modern body posture computer analysis system – Zebris APGMS Pointer. Static indicators of body posture, as well as mobility and shape of the spine were analyzed as well. Results: The analysis of body built indicators has proven that there is not any statistical relationship between the distribution of body mass and the value of spinal curvature. What is more, it has turned out that there is a relationship between physical activity and the content of fatty tissue. Conclusion: Non-invasive monitoring of body posture as well as the parameters of body posture enables an early detection and correction of posture defects which influence human physical development and the quality of their life in the future.

13

Concentration of Phosphorus in the Blood of Young Men Aged 18–21 as an Informative Biochemical Marker for Assessing Adaptation Processes in Strength Fitness

33%

Chernozub A., Radchenko Y., Dubachynskyi O., Titova H., Bodnar A., Ambroży T., Mucha D., Chaban I., Gartvich O.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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vol. 24(24)

94-106

EN

The results of the research concerning further solution of the problem of finding informative markers for the diagnostic of the youth functional state which will allow to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency of the mechanisms for optimizing the training process in strength fitness are represented in this article. Two groups of young men aged 18 to 21 years participated in the research. Each group used our models of training for 3 months. The models differed significantly in terms of amount and intensity of loads. The results indicate that despite the use of sufficiently high parameters of loading intensity by the participants of the basic group under the experimental model of training, we have got a significant increase in their strength possibilities by 33.1% and their body girth parametres by 11.7% compared with the initial data. The dynamics of similar indicators fixed among the representatives of the control group also shows growth but almost twice less. At the same time, the results of monitoring the concentration of phosphorus in serum of the examined contingent, which plays an important role in energy metabolism during the process of muscle activity and reflects the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation, enable us to assume that the most pronounced adaptive changes in the organism during this training process are found in a group of people who have used the experimental model of fitness. This model is based on the mechanisms of reducing the duration of rest between the sets and the number of repetitions that affected the total amount of loading.

14

Distribution of Minimal and Maximal Values of the Location of the Centre of Pressure in the Frontal and Sagittal Planes in Healthy Boys and Boys with Mild Intellectual Disability Participating in 12-Week Equestrian Classes

33%

Mazur-Rylska A., Ambroży T., Mucha D., Omorczyk J., Ambroży D., Mikuľáková W., Gulak S., Puszczałowska-Lizis E., Kendrová L., Mucha D.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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vol. 21(21)

86-116

EN

Humans maintain balance in the vertical position through random movements that result from instability of the body supported in two points. These tracking movements are responsible for the motor activity focused on maintaining body balance. The role of the postural control system is to choose a strategy, that is, the behaviour as a response to stimuli and regaining the balance through coordinated activity of the muscles that stabilize the talocrural and hip joints that perform movements in the frontal and sagittal planes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of equestrian classes on postural balance in the frontal and sagittal balance in healthy boys aged 15 to 17 years and boys at the same age with mild intellectual disability. The study examined 100 randomized boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability and healthy boys. The study participants were divided into two groups: experimental group, who participated for 12 weeks in equestrian classes and the control group, with boys attending outdoor or indoor physical education classes. Before and after completion of the study, both experimental and control groups were diagnosed by means of Accu SwayPlus force plate. Maximum and minimum locations of the position of the centre of pressure (COP) with respect to the base of support on the platform were evaluated in the frontal and sagittal planes. The description of the parameters was based on the arithmetic mean, maximal and minimal value, scatter diagram and percentage distribution of values. Correlation of the parameters was also evaluated. Significant changes were found in the experimental groups after horse-riding classes, which pointed to the improvement in balance response, particularly in the sagittal plane, both in terms of minimal and maximal values. The character of these changes was similar: value of body sway in the sagittal plane was reduced and the higher percentage of minimal values was recorded for each parameter in both planes after the equestrian effect. Correlations were found between maximum position of the centre of pressure (COP) in the frontal plane and minimal and maximal position of the centre of pressure in the sagittal plane. All the significant changes and trends found for the experimental group which occurred after 12 weeks of equestrian classes suggest improved parameters of balance. The lack of changes in balance parameters in the control group shows that the equestrian classes help develop balance abilities in healthy boys aged 15 to 17 years and, to a lesser extent, in those with mild intellectual disability.

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Kultura fizyczna a bezpieczeństwo

Modernity, Tradition and Security in Budo Karate

Dispositional group and special fitness in hand-to-hand combat. Kickboxing exercises and profiled circuit training

Changes in the Physical Endurance of Kickboxers in the Preparatory Phase

The influence of a training programme on the special physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees

An analysis of the skiing accidents that happened on the slopes of the Kasprowy Wierch

The Location of Points Within the Chinese Macrosystem in the Zone of Reflexology of the Microsystems of Feet and Hands

Training Load and Training Effectiveness in The Preparatory Phase by the Case of Kickboxing Fighters of UKS Gladiator Club

The influence of an original training programme on the general physical fitness of ju-jitsu trainees

A Proposal for Special Kickboxing Fitness Test

Most Common Injuries to Professional Contestant Karate

Identification of risks within body posture by means of analysis of selected somatic characteristics

Concentration of Phosphorus in the Blood of Young Men Aged 18–21 as an Informative Biochemical Marker for Assessing Adaptation Processes in Strength Fitness

Distribution of Minimal and Maximal Values of the Location of the Centre of Pressure in the Frontal and Sagittal Planes in Healthy Boys and Boys with Mild Intellectual Disability Participating in 12-Week Equestrian Classes