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XX
A Bernardine Friary in Piotrków was founded by Florian Starczewski in 1625. It belonged to Kujawy-Kalisz Diocese till 1818 and since 1920 it has belonged to Łódź Diocese. Till 1628 it was in the Wielkopolska Bernardine Province and since 1920 in the Polish Province. In 1864 tsar’s authorities closed down the friary because of the friars’ involvement in the so called “January Uprising”. They were taken to the appointed Bernardine Friary in Warta. Quite a few of them decided to secularize. With the closing of the Friary philosophical studies closed down in Piotrków Trybunalski. Only a few Bernardine students managed to finish theological studies and be ordained. After the Friary closing down its buildings as well as the church fell into ruin. In 1922 Kujawy-Kalisz bishop Stanisław Zdzitowiecki allowed Bernardine Friars to reclaim Piotrków Friary and the church.
EN
A large number of centers of Marian devotion, as introduced here, were built and developed at the same time as the respective foundations of Franciscan convents. The majority of them, however (Hrubieszow, Lezajsk, Rzeszow, Skepe, Kazimierz Dolny, Pinczow, Wambierzyce) existed before the arrival of the Friars Minor. There were also centers that were developed after the arrival of the friars, such as Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and Pilica. When the sect appeared simultaneously with the foundation of a convent - or even after it - the believers' devotion developed spontaneously. It was only afterwards, as time passed, that the friars started new forms of worship in the spirit of Saint Francis, who had the large sect of the Virgin Mary. If they instead took over pre-existing sanctuaries, they would immediately take Franciscan shape. The majority of sanctuaries managed by the Friars Minor Observant focused on images of the Mother of God with the baby Jesus; there are only statues of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus in a few locations. The ecclesiastical authority recognized the extreme importance of some of these images and statues, and even set up centers of Marian devotion on an international level, like Kalwaria Zebrzydowska. Among all the sanctuaries overseen by Observant Friars in Poland, those of the Marian devotion are not only predominant in numbers, but also in frequency of pilgrimages.
PL
Ufundowany w XVIII w. klasztor bernardynów w Gwoźdźcu trafił w 1772 r. pod panowanie Habsburgów austriackich. Władze austriackie wymagały sporządzania inwentarzy często, nawet co kilka lat. Bernardyni gwoździeccy sporządzali takie inwentarze, ale nie zachowały się one w archiwum bernardyńskim. Zachował się natomiast pochodzący z 1855 r. inwentarz sporządzony na polecenie prowincjała bernardynów. W następnych latach zakonnicy dopisywali w nim jedynie ubytki i nabytki. Twórcami inwentarzy byli zakonnicy, często dyskreci klasztoru. Następnie komisja złożona z przedstawicieli władz zakonnych badała zgodność inwentarza ze stanem rzeczy i składała swoje podpisy i pieczęcie. Inwentarze służyły prowincjałom bernardyńskim do prowadzenia kontroli nad stanem majątkowym poszczególnych klasztorów. Były one przedstawiane i zatwierdzane również na kapitułach prowincjalnych.
EN
Founded in the 17th century, the Bernardine Monastery in Hvizdets (Gwoździec) found itself under the Austrian Habsburg rule in 1772. The Austrian authorities required frequent inventory taking, even every few years. The Hvizdets Bernardines did compile such inventories, but they have not survived in the Bernardine archives. What has survived is an 1855 inventory commissioned by the Bernardine provincial. In subsequent years the monks only added to it losses and acquisitions. The inventories were taken personally by the Bernardines from the monastery. Next, a commission made up of representatives of the order’s authorities verified the compliance of the inventory with the actual state affairs, with the commission members putting their signatures and seals to the document. The inventories were used by Bernardine provincials to control the financial status of the various monasteries. In addition, the inventories were presented and approved during provincial chapters.
EN
Founded in the 17th century, the Bernardine Monastery in Berezhany found itself under the Austrian Habsburg rule in 1772. The Austrian authorities required that inventories be taken frequently, even every few years. The Bernardine Fathers (Franciscan Observants) from Berezhany compiled an inventory in 1825 and did not copy it in the following years (1828, 1831, 1833–1838, 1840), only recording losses and acquisitions. The bishop of the local diocese and the provincial of the order made sure that the requirements of the Austrian authorities were fulfilled. The inventories were taken personally by the Bernardine Fathers from the Berezhany monastery. Next, a commission made up of representatives of state and church authorities verified the compliance of the inventory with the actual state affairs, with the commission members putting their signatures and seals to the document. The inventories were used not only by the Austrian authorities but also by Bernardine provincials to control the financial status of the various monasteries. In addition, the inventories were presented and approved during provincial chapters.
EN
Founded in 1460, the Bernardine Monastery of Lviv found itself under the Austrian Habsburg rule in 1772. The Austrian authorities required frequent inventory taking, even every few years. The Lviv Bernardines compiled seven inventories in the 18th century. The bishop of the local diocese and the provincial of the order made sure that the requirements of the Austrian authorities were fulfilled. The inventories were taken personally by the Bernardines from the monastery. Next, a commission made up of representatives of state and church authorities verified the compliance of the inventory with the actual state affairs, with the commission members putting their signatures and seals to the document. The inventories were used not only by the Austrian authorities but also by Bernardine provincials to control the financial status of the various monasteries. In addition, the inventories were presented and approved during provincial chapters.
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