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Foreign language - Polish dictionaries published in the borderlands as a source of knowledge on situation of borderland Polish language (On the example of the 1991 Lithuanian-Polish dictionary)

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Medelska J.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

2007

vol. 31

161-174

The authoress excerpted regional denizens (of the Northern Borderlands) from the right side of entry articles of the Lithuanian-Polish dictionary, published in Vilnius, at the end of the 20th century. The source of excerpt was a dictionary of 557 pages, containing ca. 50,000 entries. Analysis of material extracted from ca. 100 pages of that source (the 'A' letter entries and the 'Toly-Z' letters entries) showed that Polish language of Vilnius lexicographers is - as was the Polish language recorded in older translation dictionaries (19th century and interwar ones) published in the Northern-Eastern Borderlands – to some degree regionally characterized. The excerpt contains few, but usually relatively distinctive phonetic, word formation, flexion, syntax, and lexical Northern Borderlandisms. The authors of the dictionary - representatives of post-war Poland and Vilnius intelligentsia - unwittingly recorded on pages of their work their own sociolect: contemporary all-Polish language with some, but significant regional denizens.

The l // l* shift in Kaunas press published in Polish in the Republic of Lithuania in the years 1919-1940

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Medelska J.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

2005

vol. 29

87-104

In the present paper the authoress makes an attempt to find the causes of l // l* shift, where l* stands for a Polish consonant graphically represented by a 'crossed l' and pronounced like 'w' in the English word 'wood', encountered in Polish press published in Kaunas in the interwar period. In the texts analysed the frequency of occurrence of the l // l* shift is very high (347 tokens). Moreover, the frequency of curious l is much higher than the number of occurrences of l*. Interestingly, similar frequency and proportion of shifts can be observed in other Kaunas written sources. The explanation of this phenomenon can be twofold: the l // l* shift can reflect the actual pronunciation used in Kaunas in the interwar period or it can be a graphic misinterpretation of the actual pronunciation. Of a number of possible phonetic reasons responsible for this shift, there are several taken into consideration in the present paper: (1) l* is a front-lingual consonant and it is typical of both East Slavic languages as well as Lithuanian; (2) there is a tendency of using front l* instead of a hard all-Poland l (as in 'al*e' or 'tyl*ko'); (3) the influence of Lithuanian in which the consonants l* and l not only display differences in softness but also a partially different distribution when compared with their Polish equivalents (e.g. l* does not occur in the following contexts: before front vowels, before soft consonants, as a final sound); (4) hypercorrectness; (5) lexical influence of l / l* equivalents occurring in Belorussian and Russian; (6) the preservation of traditional pronunciation (e.g. Baltyk); (7) analogical alignments (e.g. 'pomylka' due to 'pomylic', 'szkol*ny' due to 'szkol*a'). The second, highly probable, source of l // l* shift mentioned above is a graphic misinterpretation of l // l* pronunciation, which might occur under the influence of Lithuanian spelling rules. Namely, in the Lithuanian alphabet there is one graphic symbol, i.e. l, used to encode both 'l' as well as 'l*', and the phonetic realization of the letter 'l' is dependent on the grapheme which follows it.

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2 Acta Baltico-Slavica

1 2007

1 2005

2 Medelska J.

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Foreign language - Polish dictionaries published in the borderlands as a source of knowledge on situation of borderland Polish language (On the example of the 1991 Lithuanian-Polish dictionary)

The l // l* shift in Kaunas press published in Polish in the Republic of Lithuania in the years 1919-1940