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1

GOALS, PROJECTS, STRIVINGS (PART) II. PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES AND EMPIRICAL DEMONSTRATION (Celok, tervek, torekvesek II. A szemelyes celok es eletcelok kapcsolata - modszertani kerdesek es demonstracio)

100%
Martos T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 3
573-592
EN
The second part of the paper demonstrates the methodological aspects of goal measurement: different methods of evaluation and issues of reliability and validity. Personal goal assessment is a multi-stage process, ideal for assessing the content as well as affective and cognitive aspects of personally significant projects and strivings. This process will be demonstrated on the data of a sample of 512 adult S's who participated in a questionnaire study. Two goal assessment methods were compared: autonomous and controlled motivation of personal project pursuit (perceived locus of causality, Sheldon, Elliot, 1999) and importance of intrinsic and extrinsic life goals (Short Aspiration Index). Results indicate both measures' reliability as well as their convergent and divergent validity. From the goals belonging to different levels of abstraction autonomous motivation moderately correlated with importance of intrinsic life goals, whereas controlled motivation moderately correlated with importance of extrinsic life goals. Autonomous and intrinsic character of goals was in positive, whereas controlled and extrinsic character of them was in negative relationship with psychological well-being (satisfaction with life and life meaning). However, in spite of the assumptions, no evidence was found that interaction between autonomous and intrinsic, as well as controlled and extrinsic variables would predict psychological well-being. On the whole, theoretical considerations as well as practical experiences point to the fact that goal assessment may be a useful, reliable and flexible tool for research and praxis as well.
2

GOALS, PROJECTS, STRIVINGS (Part) I. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION (Celok, tervek, torekvesek I. Elmeleti megfontolasok es alkalmazasi lehetosegek)

100%
Martos T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2
331-358
EN
The first part of the paper describes the role of goals in personality as well as the theoretical and practical issues of surveying goals. Goals are significant factors from several points of view, including phenomenological, functional, personality and social psychological ones. Goals may be useful in describing important aspects of human functioning. There is a flexible and versatile array of research tools for studying goals. Four aspects are analyzed in this regard: focus of the research question, need of a theoretical framework, hierarchy of the goal system and choice of the goal evaluations. Three research areas are presented as examples for applying goal theory and methodology: 1. approach and avoidance tendencies in goals and their consequences for healthy psychological functioning; 2. self focused goals' significance in personality psychology and 3. goal constructs in the psychology of religion and spirituality. The first part of the paper is confined by discussing the possibility of practical applications, as well as further research tasks and open questions.
3

RELIGIOSITY AND WELL-BEING IN SLOVAK AND HUNGARIAN STUDENT SAMPLES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS

51%
Halama P., Martos T., Adamovova L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
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vol. 52
|
issue 2
101-115
EN
The paper deals with the relationship between religiosity and different aspects of well-being in samples of Slovak and Hungarian university students and raises the question of whether this relationship is moderated by personality traits. Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity, Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Purpose in Life test, Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Bipolar Big Five Markers were administered to 274 Slovak and 249 Hungarian university students. The results of bi-variety comparisons showed that religiosity correlated positively with meaning in life in both samples, but higher religiosity was associated with satisfaction and happiness only in the Hungarian sample. A series of moderated regression analysis testing three-way interaction models (religiosity x personality trait x nation) showed no support for an overall moderation effect of personality traits. Only weak interactions were found for agreeableness and openness in the Slovak sample when predicting meaning in life. The authors emphasize the need to take the cultural context of the religiosity/well-being relationship into account and suggest the need for further research on the question of whether religiosity could be considered as a universal source of meaning in different cultures.
4

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF A REVISED MEASURE OF MEANING IN LIFE: THE LOGO-TEST-R

51%
Konkoly T. B., Martos T., Bachner Y. G., Kushnir T.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2
133-145
EN
Meaning in life is a core construct in quality of life research and has received substantial attention in the past decades. As a consequence, several instruments were developed to assess this construct. The first meaning in life scale designed and standardized in Europe was the Logo-Test (Lukas, 1971). Although this test has been widely used across Europe, the psychometric properties of the instrument proved to be poor in several investigations. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to develop a revised version, based on international data, and to evaluate its psychometric characteristics. The internal consistency and factor structure of the 14-item revised version (Logo-Test-R) were examined in a sample of 852 Hungarians. The internal reliability of the test was adequate (a = .75). The validity of the Logo-Test-R was evaluated in a sub-sample of 391 individuals by examining its relationship with financial state, scores in two other measures of meaning in life and further instruments assessing other quality of life indicators such as general life satisfaction, depressive symptomatology, and life goal orientation. The direction and strength of the observed connections was in accordance with expectations, thus demonstrating good construct validity of the Logo-Test-R.
5

NEW DATA FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE POST CRITICAL BELIEF SCALE - THEORY AND METHODOLOGY (Ujabb adatok a Kritika Utani Vallasossag Skala alkalmazasahoz - elmelet es modszertan)

45%
Martos T., Kezdy A., Robu M., Urban S., Horvath-Szabo K.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 64
|
issue 4
643-669
EN
Post Critical Belief Scale (Horvath - Szabo, 2003; Hutsebaut, 1996) orders different approaches towards religion into two dimensions: Inclusion vs. Exclusion of Transcendence and Symbolic vs. Literal processing of religious contents. Recently a new computational method was developed for the scale directly assessing the underlying two-dimensional structure by PCA. These dimensions can be henceforth associated with several other variables. Recently published results as well as theoretical and methodological aspects of the computational process will be reviewed in the article. Applicability of the method was tested on a sample of 1820 subjects. Results show that internal structure of the Flemish and Hungarian versions of the scale is predominantly identical. Existence of the two dimensions could be found in Hungarian sample regardless of gender and denomination. Furthermore, stability of the internal structure was high across the subsamples. The authors proposed a shortened 18 item version of the scale that can be seen as a substitute of the original 33 item version. In sum, their results showed that two-dimensional computation of the Post Critical Belief Scale is a reliable method that can provide new insights for psychological investigation of religiosity.
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