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Socio-economic status, iron deficiency anemia and COVID-19 disease burden – an appraisal

100%
Kusum Ghosh K., Diptendu Chatterjee D., Abhisikta Ghosh Roy A. G., Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay A. R.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|
2021
|
issue 1
52-58
EN
Introduction. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2, possesses varying degrees of susceptibility and lethality worldwide and WHO declared this as a pandemic of this century. Aim. In this background, the aim of this present narrative is to provide a complementary overview of how low iron stores and mild anemia offers protection from infectious diseases like COVID-19 by restricting the viral replication and also to suggest some potential adjuvant therapeutic interventions. Material and methods. Therefore, we performed a literature search reviewing pertinent articles and documents. PubMed, Google Scholar, Chemrxiv, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, Preprints and ResearchGate were investigated. Analysis of the literature. Recent studies reported drastic systemic events taking place that contribute to the severe clinical outcomes such as decreased hemoglobin indicating anemia, hypoxia, altered iron metabolism, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress, cytokine storm, hyper-ferritinemia and thus Multi Organ Failure, reportedly hailed as the hallmark of the COVID-19 hyper-inflammatory state. Interestingly it is globally observed that, countries with higher Socio-economic status (SES) have considerably lower prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) but higher Case Fatality Rate (CFR) rate due to COVID-19 while, low SES countries characterized by the higher prevalence of IDA, are less affected to COVID-19 infection and found to have less CFR, which is almost half to that of the higher SES counterpart. Conclusion. Present review presumed that,low iron stores and mild anemia may play a beneficial role in some cases by offering protection from infectious diseases as low iron restricts the viral replication.Thus, suggested iron chelation or iron sequestration as an alternative beneficial adjuvant in treating COVID-19 infection.
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Association of fat patterning, type 2 diabetes mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism: a study among the two ethnic groups of Tripura, North-East India

88%
Priyama Bhattacharya P., Diptendu Chatterjee D., Pranabesh Sarkar P., Kusum Ghosh K., Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay A. R.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|
2019
|
issue 3
209 - 213
EN
Introduction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a group of metabolic disorders resulting from insufficient action of insulin. The etiology of T2DM is multi-factorial that includes genetic factors, obesity and lifestyles. Recent reviews of overall and stratified meta-analyses demonstrated the association between MTHFR polymorphism (C677T) including fat distribution and risk of T2DM. Publications of Indian context regarding fat patterning and MTFHR genetic polymorphism of the North East Indian population are insufficient and scant among the ethnic population of Tripura. Aim. In this backdrop, the present study is the first attempt to understand the relationship of fat patterning, MTHFR gene polymorphism and T2DM among two Tibeto-Burman speaker endogamous ethnic populations (Chakmas-the migrant group and Tripuris – the aboriginal group) of Tripura, North East India. Material and methods. The present study consists of age matched 280 males (Chakmas 147 and the Tripuris 133) from Tripura. Anthropometric and metabolic (Fasting Blood Glucose) variables and to discern obesity, blood glucose level and genotyping of MTHFR was performed following standard techniques. Results. The result revealed significant (p<0.05) association of obesity, TT genotypes and fasting blood glucose among the Chakmas with in comparison to the Tripuris. Conclusion. In this first attempt from North East India on the aspects of association of fat Patterning, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism suggests that the Chakmas are more diabetic, and this might be due to the concomitant effects of T alleles and higher central obesity and Percent Body Fat (PBF). More population screening from other under-represented indigenous populations of North East India is needed for prevention of metabolic disorders.
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